Department of Neurocritical Care, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Epilepsia. 2011 Oct;52 Suppl 8:42-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03234.x.
There is little evidence to guide the choice of intravenous anesthetic agent to treat refractory status epilepticus but midazolam, propofol, and barbiturates are widely used. It is impractical to use inhalational anesthetic agents in most circumstances and there is little experience with non-GABA-ergic agents such as ketamine. A more aggressive treatment approach, aiming for EEG suppression, is most likely to result in sustained cessation of seizure activity but this is associated with increased treatment-related complications. Side effects of treatment, including hypotension, gastric paresis, and pneumonia, are common and contribute independently to poor outcome and death.
治疗难治性癫痫持续状态时，几乎没有证据可以指导静脉麻醉药物的选择，但咪达唑仑、丙泊酚和巴比妥类药物被广泛应用。在大多数情况下，使用吸入性麻醉药物是不切实际的，并且对于非 GABA 能药物（如氯胺酮）的经验也很少。更积极的治疗方法，旨在抑制脑电图，最有可能导致癫痫活动持续停止，但这与治疗相关并发症的增加有关。治疗的副作用，包括低血压、胃轻瘫和肺炎，很常见，并且独立导致不良结局和死亡。
