Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A.
Epilepsia. 2013 Sep;54 Suppl 6:61-3. doi: 10.1111/epi.12280.
After seizures have been controlled, long-term care of status epilepticus may be needed and collectively involves every major organ. First, as a result of rapid escalation of antiepileptic drugs, there are initial concerns with hypotension, acid-base abnormalities, and cardiac arrhythmias. Second, refractory status epilepticus and the continuous need for intravenous administration of anesthetic drugs will lead to a multitude of systemic complications that require long-term complex care. Most anticipated problems are infectious complications with a high risk of pneumonia and sepsis, but thromboembolism due to immobilization and catheter placement are also common. If a good outcome is possible or anticipated in a patient with refractory status epilepticus, physicians should plan for a surveillance and treatment protocol to adequately support these patients.
癫痫发作得到控制后，可能需要对癫痫持续状态进行长期护理，这涉及到每个主要器官。首先，由于抗癫痫药物的快速升级，最初需要关注低血压、酸碱平衡异常和心律失常。其次，难治性癫痫持续状态和持续需要静脉内给予麻醉药物会导致多种全身性并发症，需要长期的复杂护理。最常见的问题是感染性并发症，肺炎和败血症的风险较高，但由于固定和导管放置导致的血栓栓塞也很常见。如果难治性癫痫持续状态患者有可能或预期有良好的结局，医生应制定监测和治疗方案，以充分支持这些患者。
