Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
Exp Physiol. 2012 Mar;97(3):347-52. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.058735. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
The concept of individual differences in the response to exercise training or trainability was defined three decades ago. In a series of experimental studies with pairs of monozygotic twins, evidence was found in support of a strong genotype dependency of the ability to respond to regular exercise. In the HERITAGE Family Study, it was observed that the heritability of the maximal oxygen uptake response to 20 weeks of standardized exercise training reached 47% after adjustment for age, sex, baseline maximal oxygen uptake and baseline body mass and composition. Candidate gene studies have not yielded as many validated gene targets and variants as originally anticipated. Genome-wide explorations have generated more convincing predictors of maximal oxygen uptake trainability. A genomic predictor score based on the number of favourable alleles carried at 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms appears to be able to identify low and high training response classes that differ by at least threefold. Combining transcriptomic and genomic technologies has also yielded highly promising results concerning the ability to predict trainability among sedentary people.
三十年前就提出了运动训练反应或可训练性的个体差异这一概念。通过一系列同卵双胞胎的实验研究，有证据支持对常规运动的反应能力具有很强的基因型依赖性。在 HERITAGE 家族研究中，观察到调整年龄、性别、基础最大摄氧量和基础体重及组成后，20 周标准化运动训练对最大摄氧量反应的遗传度达到 47%。候选基因研究并未像最初预期的那样产生那么多经过验证的基因靶点和变异。全基因组探索产生了更有说服力的最大摄氧量可训练性预测因子。基于 21 个单核苷酸多态性所携带的有利等位基因数量的基因组预测评分似乎能够识别出至少相差三倍的低训练反应和高训练反应类。结合转录组学和基因组学技术，对于预测久坐人群的可训练性也取得了非常有前景的结果。
