Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2011 Sep 27;14 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S2. doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-14-S2-S2.
This paper raises the question of how knowledge creation is organized in the area of HIV prevention and how this concatenation of expertise, resources, at-risk people and viruses shapes the knowledge used to impede the epidemic. It also seeks to trouble the discourses of biomedical pre-eminence in the field of HIV prevention by examining the claim for treatment as prevention, looking at evidence constructed through the biomedical frame and through the lens of the sociology of science. These questions lie within a larger socio-historical context of lagging worldwide attention and funding to prevention in the HIV area and, in particular, neglect of populations at greatest risk. Much contemporary HIV prevention research relies on a population science divided over an epistemic fault line from the communities and individuals who must make sense of the intrusion of a life-threatening disease into their pursuit of pleasure and intimacy. There are, nevertheless, lessons to be learned from prevention success stories among sex workers, injection drug users, and gay and bisexual men. The success stories point to a need for a robust social science agenda that examines: the ways that people are socially organized and networked; the popular strategies and folk wisdoms developed in the face of HIV risk; socio-historical movement of sexual and drug cultures; the dynamics of popular mobilization to advance health; the institutional sources of HIV discourses; and popular understandings of HIV technologies and messages.
本文提出了一个问题，即在 HIV 预防领域，知识是如何被组织起来的，以及这种专业知识、资源、高危人群和病毒的串联如何塑造了用于遏制疫情的知识。本文还试图通过检查治疗即预防的主张，通过生物医学框架和科学社会学的视角来审视构建证据，从而对 HIV 预防领域中生物医学卓越的话语提出质疑。这些问题存在于 HIV 预防领域全球关注和资金滞后的更大的社会历史背景下，特别是忽视了风险最大的人群。许多当代的 HIV 预防研究依赖于人口科学，该科学在从必须理解危及生命的疾病侵入他们追求快乐和亲密关系的社区和个人的认识论断层线上存在分歧。然而，从性工作者、注射吸毒者以及男同性恋和双性恋者的预防成功案例中，我们可以吸取教训。成功案例表明，需要制定一个强有力的社会科学议程，该议程需要研究：人们的社会组织和网络方式；面对 HIV 风险所制定的流行策略和民间智慧；性和毒品文化的社会历史演变；推动健康的大众动员的动态；HIV 话语的制度来源；以及对 HIV 技术和信息的大众理解。
