Fukasaku Takako, Okuno Junko, Tomura Shigeo, Seino Satoshi, Kim Mi-Ji, Yabushita Noriko, Okura Tomohiro, Tanaka Kiyoji, Yanagi Hisako
Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2011 Jun;58(6):420-32.
The purpose of this study was to examine intervention effects of a community-based prevention program for pre-frail elderly individuals by comparing an intervention group (exercise with nutritional care) with a control group (exercise without nutritional care).
The study was conducted in Y town and S city in Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan. The subjects comprised 161 pre-frail elderly individuals in the community-based prevention program, who were divided into two groups, the intervention group (N = 81, Y town, mean age : 76.2 +/- 5.7 years), and the control group (N = 81, S city, mean age 76.2 +/- 4.7 years). The items surveyed included age, gender, activities of daily living, functional capacity, and dietary variety score (DVS). Functional fitness measurement items (grip strength, alternate step, 5-repetition sit-to-stand, one-leg balance with eyes open, tandem stance, functional reach (FR), sit and reach, 5-m habitual walk, and timed up and go (TUG)) and blood data were assessed at the beginning and end of the intervention.
The DVS of the intervention group was significantly improved compared to that of the control group (P < 0.01). In particular, the food frequencies of fish and shellfish, meat, eggs, milk, fruits, and fat and oil (P < 0.01) were significantly increased in the intervention group, as were those of soybean products, seaweed, and potatoes (P < 0.05). On the other hand, significant increases were seen only in the frequencies of fish and shellfish, meat, and milk in the control group. The intervention group showed significant improvement in five-repetition sit-to-stand, tandem stance, FR, sit and reach, and TUG by the end of the intervention. In addition, the intervention group's performance on one-leg balance with eyes open (P < 0.05) was significantly improved even after adjusting for age, gender, and the functional fitness measurement items which were different at the beginning of the study.
This study suggests that a combined exercise and nutrition program for pre-frail elderly individuals improves their food intake and functional fitness.
本研究旨在通过比较干预组（运动加营养护理）和对照组（运动但无营养护理），探讨一项针对虚弱前期老年人的社区预防项目的干预效果。
本研究在日本茨城县的Y镇和S市进行。研究对象包括161名参与社区预防项目的虚弱前期老年人，他们被分为两组，干预组（N = 81，Y镇，平均年龄：76.2±5.7岁）和对照组（N = 81，S市，平均年龄76.2±4.7岁）。调查项目包括年龄、性别、日常生活活动、功能能力和饮食多样性评分（DVS）。在干预开始和结束时评估功能体能测量项目（握力、交替步、5次坐立试验、睁眼单腿平衡、前后站立、功能性伸展（FR）、坐立前屈、5米习惯性步行和计时起立行走试验（TUG））以及血液数据。
与对照组相比，干预组的DVS显著改善（P < 0.01）。特别是，干预组中鱼类和贝类、肉类、蛋类、牛奶、水果以及油脂的食物频率（P < 0.01）显著增加，大豆制品、海藻和土豆的食物频率也显著增加（P < 0.05）。另一方面，对照组仅在鱼类和贝类、肉类以及牛奶的频率上有显著增加。干预组在干预结束时，5次坐立试验、前后站立、FR、坐立前屈和TUG方面有显著改善。此外，即使在调整了年龄、性别以及研究开始时不同的功能体能测量项目后，干预组睁眼单腿平衡的表现（P < 0.05）仍有显著改善。
本研究表明，针对虚弱前期老年人的运动与营养相结合的项目可改善他们的食物摄入量和功能体能。
