Yutaka Watanabe, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japa, E-Mail:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(3):451-456. doi: 10.1007/s12603-018-1000-1.
Providing older person individuals with an appropriate intervention at the time of frailty onset is important to prevent the progression of the condition and the need for long-term care. However, the proper timing of starting nutritional and dietary interventions for frail older person subjects has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we aimed to clarify the association between frailty and dietary variety among older persons in Japan. We surveyed sex, age, body height, body weight, body mass index, serum albumin level, dietary variety, and nutritional intake indexes in 747 community-dwelling older person individuals who underwent a comprehensive health examination in October 2014. Frailty was determined using the Kihon Checklist (25 questions). Kihon Checklist is widely used to assess frailty in Japan, and their physical, cognitive and social function was evaluated. After excluding those who did not complete the Kihon Checklist and those who required long-term care, frailty status was analyzed in 665 older person individuals. The numbers and percentages of frail, pre-frail and robust older persons were found to be 77 (11.6%), 182 (27.4%) and 406 (61.0%) respectively. Significant differences among robust, pre-frail, and frail subjects were observed in terms of age, serum albumin level, alcohol consumption, smoking, and history of diabetes. Among the nutrition-related indexes, only the dietary variety showed a significant difference. The results of ordinal logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between frailty and sex, age, smoking status, diabetes, and dietary variety score. Dietary variety was significantly associated with the progression of frailty among older persons in the community.
为处于虚弱前期的老年人提供适当的干预措施非常重要，这有助于防止虚弱的进展和对长期护理的需求。然而，对于虚弱的老年人开始营养和饮食干预的适当时机尚未得到充分阐明。因此，在这项横断面研究中，我们旨在阐明日本老年人虚弱与饮食多样性之间的关系。我们调查了 747 名在 2014 年 10 月接受全面健康检查的社区居住老年人的性别、年龄、身高、体重、体重指数、血清白蛋白水平、饮食多样性和营养摄入指标。使用《健康检查表》（25 个问题）确定虚弱。《健康检查表》在日本被广泛用于评估虚弱，评估他们的身体、认知和社会功能。排除未完成《健康检查表》和需要长期护理的老年人后，对 665 名老年人的虚弱状况进行了分析。虚弱、虚弱前期和健壮老年人的人数和百分比分别为 77（11.6%）、182（27.4%）和 406（61.0%）。健壮、虚弱前期和虚弱老年人在年龄、血清白蛋白水平、饮酒、吸烟和糖尿病史方面存在显著差异。在与营养相关的指标中，只有饮食多样性存在显著差异。有序逻辑回归分析的结果表明，虚弱与性别、年龄、吸烟状况、糖尿病和饮食多样性评分之间存在显著关联。饮食多样性与社区老年人虚弱的进展显著相关。
