Keiko Motokawa, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Tel: +81-3-3964-1141 (ext. 4213); Fax: +81-3-3964-2316; E-mail:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(2):152-159. doi: 10.1007/s12603-019-1297-4.
Although it has been shown that specific foods and nutrients are associated with sleep quality, few studies have examined the association of dietary variety and appetite with sleep quality in older adults.
A cross-sectional study was conducted that examined the association of dietary variety and appetite with sleep quality in Japanese adults aged ≥70 years who resided in the metropolitan area of Tokyo, Japan.
Data were collected in two steps: a mailed interview survey and an on-site survey. Those who responded to the surveys and met the inclusion criteria were included.
Dietary variety, appetite, and sleep quality were assessed using a Dietary Variety Score (DVS), Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ) score, and sleep efficiency, respectively. The sleep efficiency is the ratio of sleep duration to total time in bed (retiring time-awakening time). We defined the individuals with a sleep efficiency less than 75% as having poor sleep quality.
Mean DVS and CNAQ score were 3.8 and 29.6 points, respectively. The rate of individuals with poor sleep quality was 11.7%. In the fully adjusted model, the odds ratios (OR) for low sleep efficiency in the middle and highest group categories of the DVS were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-1.29) and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.28-0.90), respectively, in reference to the lowest group category (p for trend = 0.023). The OR for low sleep efficiency in the middle and highest group categories of the CNAQ score were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.47-1.14) and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.30-0.96), respectively, in reference to the lowest group category (p for trend = 0.031).
The higher DVS and CNAQ scores were significantly associated with higher sleep efficiency. Thus, dietary variety and good appetite might help maintain good sleep quality in urban-dwelling older Japanese adults.
虽然已有研究表明某些食物和营养素与睡眠质量有关，但很少有研究调查饮食多样性和食欲与老年人睡眠质量之间的关系。
本研究为横断面研究，旨在调查日本东京大都市区≥70 岁成年人的饮食多样性和食欲与睡眠质量之间的关系。
数据分两步收集：邮寄问卷调查和现场调查。那些对调查做出回应并符合纳入标准的人被纳入研究。
饮食多样性、食欲和睡眠质量分别使用饮食多样性评分（DVS）、营养食欲问卷（CNAQ）评分和睡眠效率来评估。睡眠效率是睡眠时间与总卧床时间（就寝时间-醒来时间）的比值。我们将睡眠效率低于 75%的个体定义为睡眠质量差。
DVS 和 CNAQ 评分的平均值分别为 3.8 分和 29.6 分。睡眠质量差的个体比例为 11.7%。在完全调整的模型中，DVS 中值和最高组别的睡眠效率较低的比值比（OR）分别为 0.83（95%置信区间 [CI]，0.54-1.29）和 0.50（95% CI，0.28-0.90），与最低组相比（趋势 p 值=0.023）。CNAQ 评分中值和最高组别的睡眠效率较低的 OR 分别为 0.73（95% CI，0.47-1.14）和 0.54（95% CI，0.30-0.96），与最低组相比（趋势 p 值=0.031）。
DVS 和 CNAQ 评分越高，睡眠效率越高。因此，饮食多样性和良好的食欲可能有助于维持城市居住的日本老年人口的良好睡眠质量。
