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瞬时受体电位 A1 通道:对咳嗽和气道炎症性疾病的认识。

Transient receptor potential A1 channels: insights into cough and airway inflammatory disease.

机构信息

Respiratory Pharmacology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London; Respiratory Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.

Respiratory Pharmacology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London.

出版信息

Chest. 2011 Oct;140(4):1040-1047. doi: 10.1378/chest.10-3327.

Abstract

Cough is a common symptom of diseases such as asthma and COPD and also presents as a disease in its own right. Treatment options are limited; a recent meta-analysis concluded that over-the-counter remedies are ineffective, and there is increasing concern about their use in children. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1) channels are nonselective cation channels that are activated by a range of natural products (eg, allyl isothiocyanate), a multitude of environmental irritants (eg, acrolein, which is present in air pollution, vehicle exhaust, and cigarette smoke), and inflammatory mediators (eg, cyclopentenone prostaglandins). TRPA1 is primarily expressed in small-diameter, nociceptive neurons where its activation probably contributes to the perception of noxious stimuli. Inhalational exposure to irritating gases, fumes, dusts, vapors, chemicals, and endogenous mediators can lead to the development of cough. The respiratory tract is innervated by primary sensory afferent nerves, which are activated by mechanical and chemical stimuli. Recent data suggest that activation of TRPA1 on these vagal sensory afferents by these irritant substances could lead to central reflexes, including dyspnea, changes in breathing pattern, and cough, which contribute to the symptoms and pathophysiology of respiratory diseases.

摘要

咳嗽是哮喘和 COPD 等疾病的常见症状,也可能是一种独立的疾病。治疗选择有限;最近的一项荟萃分析得出结论,非处方药物无效,而且人们越来越担心它们在儿童中的使用。瞬时受体电位阳离子通道,亚家族 A,成员 1(TRPA1)通道是非选择性阳离子通道,可被多种天然产物(如丙烯基异硫氰酸酯)、多种环境刺激物(如丙烯醛,存在于空气污染、汽车尾气和香烟烟雾中)和炎症介质(如环戊烯酮前列腺素)激活。TRPA1 主要在小直径的伤害性神经元中表达,其激活可能有助于感知有害刺激。吸入刺激性气体、烟雾、粉尘、蒸气、化学物质和内源性介质可导致咳嗽的发生。呼吸道由初级感觉传入神经支配,这些神经受到机械和化学刺激的激活。最近的数据表明,这些刺激性物质对这些迷走感觉传入纤维上的 TRPA1 的激活可能导致包括呼吸困难、呼吸模式改变和咳嗽在内的中枢反射,这些反射有助于呼吸疾病的症状和病理生理学。

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