Breuer R, Winckelmann H J
Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Universität Ulm, Frauensteige 6, 89075 Ulm.
Urologe A. 2012 Jan;51(1):63-73. doi: 10.1007/s00120-011-2722-4.
In the seventeenth century it was customary in medicine to copy texts from other authors without citing the source. This practice is illustrated by the diary of Johannes Franc (1649–1725), a physician in the city of Ulm, who handwrote a practice journal in Latin and German Gothic script entering text passages plagiarized as follows: he reproduced them almost word for word in order to pass them off as his own experiences, used them as a model for his prescriptions and as a template for his case histories, and integrated them into his work to support his argumentation. In addition, he summarized texts from various sources, refined them by omitting portions, and incorporated his own experiences for embellishment. These plagiarism techniques and the purpose they served are analyzed and compared to some passages taken from the original texts.
在17世纪，医学界的惯例是抄袭其他作者的文本而不注明出处。乌尔姆市的医生约翰内斯·弗朗克（1649 - 1725）的日记就说明了这种做法。他用拉丁文和德文哥特体手写了一本行医日记，其中抄录了如下剽窃的文本段落：他几乎逐字逐句地照搬，以便冒充成自己的经验，将其用作开处方的范例和病例记录的模板，并融入到自己的著作中以支持其论证。此外，他还总结了各种来源的文本，通过删减部分内容进行润色，并加入自己的经验进行修饰。本文分析了这些剽窃技巧及其用途，并与原文中的一些段落进行了比较。
