Faller H, Reusch A, Meng K
Institut für Psychotherapie und Medizinische Psychologie, Universität Würzburg, Klinikstraße 3, 97070
Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 2011 Oct;50(5):284-91. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1285889. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
Patient education programmes, i. e. standardized, manualized, interactive group programmes aiming to increase self-management and empowerment, are a core element of medical rehabilitation for chronic conditions. In an update of the evidence of the effectiveness of patient education, its effectiveness was proven for a broad spectrum of chronic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic low back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, bronchial asthma, COPD, and cancer, as well as for the modification of health behaviours, such as diet and exercise. To sustain effects, aftercare interventions, such as support provided by phone, were found to be successful. Interventions targeted to particular patient groups according to gender, age, or migration background are also being developed more frequently. When evaluating educational interventions not only distal outcomes, such as quality of life and participation, should be used but also proximal outcomes such as self-management skills. A recent survey of patient education practice in medical rehabilitation revealed a continuing potential for optimization relative to manualization, evaluation and didactics. However, the dissemination of innovative programmes into rehabilitation routine presents a major challenge.
患者教育计划，即旨在提高自我管理能力和增强自主权的标准化、手册化、互动式团体计划，是慢性病医学康复的核心要素。在对患者教育有效性证据的更新中，已证明其对多种慢性疾病有效，如糖尿病、慢性腰痛、类风湿性关节炎、冠心病、慢性心力衰竭、支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和癌症，以及对饮食和运动等健康行为的改变。为维持效果，发现诸如电话支持等后续干预措施是成功的。针对特定患者群体（根据性别、年龄或移民背景）的干预措施也越来越频繁地得到开发。在评估教育干预措施时，不仅应使用诸如生活质量和参与度等远期结果，还应使用诸如自我管理技能等近期结果。最近一项关于医学康复中患者教育实践的调查显示，在手册化、评估和教学法方面仍有优化潜力。然而，将创新计划推广到康复常规流程中是一项重大挑战。
