Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 West Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 411, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2011 Nov;31(4):769-86, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2011.07.004.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis can occur from a wide variety of occupational exposures. Although uncommon and difficult to recognize, through a detailed work exposure history, physical examination, radiography, pulmonary function studies, and selected laboratory studies using sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, workers can be identified early to effect avoidance of the antigen and institute pharmacologic therapy, if necessary. A lung biopsy may be necessary to rule out other interstitial lung diseases. Despite the varied organic antigen triggers, the presentation is similar with acute, subacute, or chronic forms. Systemic corticosteroids are the only reliable pharmacologic treatment but do not alter the long-term outcome.
过敏性肺炎可由多种职业暴露引起。尽管不常见且难以识别，但通过详细的工作暴露史、体格检查、影像学检查、肺功能检查以及使用血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液进行的选择性实验室研究，可以早期识别工人，从而避免接触抗原并在必要时进行药物治疗。可能需要进行肺活检以排除其他间质性肺疾病。尽管有机抗原触发因素不同，但表现形式相似，包括急性、亚急性或慢性。全身皮质类固醇是唯一可靠的药物治疗方法，但不能改变长期预后。
