Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, Health Sciences Addition Room 41, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2012 Mar;49(3):282-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.09.004. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
The alarmingly high rate of illness-related absenteeism among nurses and recent reports of workplace violence and burnout are problematic for both the current workforce shortage and the recruitment and retention of new nurses.
To test a model derived from Leiter and Maslach's (2004) Six Areas of Worklife Model linking workplace factors (six areas of worklife, experiences of bullying and burnout) and a personal dispositional factor (psychological capital) to new graduates mental and physical health in their first year of practice.
A cross-sectional survey design was utilized to survey 165 Ontario nurses with one year or less experience in nursing. Participants completed measures of nurses' work environment quality, psychological capital, bullying exposure, burnout, and physical and mental health. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesized model.
The fit indices suggested a reasonably adequate fit of the data to the hypothesized model (χ2=27.75, df=12, CFI=.97, IFI=.97, RMSEA=.09), however an additional direct path from psychological capital to emotional exhaustion substantially improved the model fit (χ2=17.94, df=11, CFI=.99, IFI=.99, RMSEA=.06). Increased psychological capital positively influenced nurses' perceived person-job fit, which in turn was negatively related to bullying exposure and emotional exhaustion, and ultimately influenced their physical and mental health.
The findings suggest that psychological capital and perceived person-job fit are key variables in new graduate nurses' worklife, which may contribute to decreased nurses' burnout and increased physical and mental well-being. The results support an expanded conceptualization of the areas of worklife model.
护士病假率高得惊人，最近还有工作场所暴力和倦怠的报道，这对当前的劳动力短缺以及新护士的招聘和留用都构成了问题。
测试一个源自 Leiter 和 Maslach（2004）的工作生活模型的六个领域的模型，该模型将工作场所因素（工作生活的六个领域、欺凌和倦怠经历）与个人特质因素（心理资本）联系起来，以衡量新毕业生在工作的第一年的心理健康和身体健康。
采用横断面调查设计，对 165 名安大略省具有一年或更短护理经验的护士进行调查。参与者完成了护士工作环境质量、心理资本、欺凌暴露、倦怠、身体和心理健康的测量。结构方程模型用于测试假设模型。
拟合指数表明，数据与假设模型的拟合度相当合理（χ2=27.75，df=12，CFI=.97，IFI=.97，RMSEA=.09），但是心理资本与情绪耗竭之间的额外直接路径大大改善了模型拟合（χ2=17.94，df=11，CFI=.99，IFI=.99，RMSEA=.06）。较高的心理资本对护士的人职匹配感知产生积极影响，而人职匹配感知又与欺凌暴露和情绪耗竭呈负相关，最终影响他们的身心健康。
研究结果表明，心理资本和人职匹配感知是新毕业护士工作生活的关键变量，这可能有助于减少护士的倦怠和提高身心健康。研究结果支持对工作生活模型的领域的扩展概念化。
