Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2012 Apr;13(3):217-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00749.x. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is the type species of the genus Cucumovirus in the family Bromoviridae, which also encompasses the Peanut stunt virus (PSV) and the Tomato aspermy virus (TAV). Nucleotide sequence similarity among these three cucumoviruses is 60%-65%. CMV strains are divided into three subgroups, IA, IB and II, based on the sequence of the 5' untranslated region of the genomic RNA 3. Overall nucleotide sequence similarity among CMV strains is approximately 70%-98%. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, HOST RANGE AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY: CMV is distributed worldwide, primarily in temperate to tropical climate zones. CMV infects more than 1200 species of 100 plant families, including monocot and dicot plants. Symptoms caused by CMV infection vary with the host species and/or CMV strain, and include mosaic, stunt, chlorosis, dwarfing, leaf malformation and systemic necrosis. CMV disease is spread primarily by aphid transmission in a nonpersistent manner.
In tobacco sap, the thermal inactivation point of the viral infectivity is approximately 70 °C (10 min), the dilution end-point is approximately 10(-4) and viral infectivity is lost after a few days of exposure to 20 °C. Viral infectivity can be retained in freeze-dried tissues and in the form of virions purified using 5 mm sodium borate, 0.5 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 50% glycerol (pH 9.0) at -20 °C. CMV particles are isometric, approximately 28-30 nm in diameter and are composed of 180 capsid subunits arranged in pentamer-hexamer clusters with T= 3 symmetry. The sedimentation coefficient (s(20) ,(w) ) is c. 98 S and the particle weight is (5.8-6.7) × 10(6) Da. The virions contain 18% RNA. The RNA-protein interactions that stabilize the CMV virions are readily disrupted by sodium dodecylsulphate or neutral chloride salts. GENOMIC PROPERTIES: The genomic RNAs are single-stranded messenger sense RNAs with 5' cap and 3' tRNA-like structures containing at least five open reading frames. The viral RNA consists of three genomic RNAs, RNA 1 (c. 3.3 kb), RNA 2 (c. 3.0 kb) and RNA 3 (c. 2.2 kb), and two subgenomic RNAs, RNA 4 (c. 1.0 kb) and RNA 4A (c. 0.7 kb). The 3' untranslated regions are conserved across all viral RNAs. CMV is often accompanied by satellite, noncoding, small, linear RNA that is nonhomologous to the helper CMV.
黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）是 Bromoviridae 科的黄瓜花叶病毒属的模式种，该科还包括花生矮化病毒（PSV）和番茄不育病毒（TAV）。这三种黄瓜花叶病毒之间的核苷酸序列相似性为 60%-65%。CMV 株系根据基因组 RNA3 的 5'非翻译区的序列分为三个亚组，IA、IB 和 II。CMV 株系之间的总体核苷酸序列相似性约为 70%-98%。地理分布、宿主范围和症状：CMV 分布于世界各地，主要在温带到热带气候带。CMV 感染了超过 1200 种 100 个科的植物，包括单子叶植物和双子叶植物。CMV 感染引起的症状因宿主物种和/或 CMV 株系而异，包括花叶、矮化、黄化、萎缩、叶片畸形和系统性坏死。CMV 病主要通过蚜虫非持久方式传播。
在烟草汁液中，病毒感染力的热失活点约为 70°C（10 分钟），稀释终点约为 10(-4)，在 20°C 下暴露数天后病毒感染力丧失。在冻干组织中和以 5mm 硼酸钠、0.5mm 乙二胺四乙酸和 50%甘油（pH9.0）在-20°C 下纯化的病毒粒子形式可保留 CMV 感染力。CMV 颗粒为等径，直径约 28-30nm，由 180 个衣壳亚基组成，排列成五聚体-六聚体簇，具有 T=3 对称性。沉降系数（s(20)，(w)）约为 98 S，颗粒重量约为（5.8-6.7）×10(6)Da。病毒粒子包含 18%的 RNA。稳定 CMV 病毒粒子的 RNA-蛋白相互作用很容易被十二烷基硫酸钠或中性氯化物盐破坏。基因组特性：基因组 RNA 是具有 5'帽和 3' tRNA 样结构的单链信使 sense RNA，至少包含五个开放阅读框。病毒 RNA 由三条基因组 RNA 组成，RNA1（约 3.3kb）、RNA2（约 3.0kb）和 RNA3（约 2.2kb），以及两条亚基因组 RNA，RNA4（约 1.0kb）和 RNA4A（约 0.7kb）。所有病毒 RNA 的 3'非翻译区都是保守的。CMV 通常伴有卫星、非编码、线性小 RNA，与辅助 CMV 不同源。
