Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology Section, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
Neurosci Lett. 2011 Nov 7;505(1):36-40. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.08.061. Epub 2011 Oct 1.
The "testing effect" refers to the beneficial effects on memory performance from being tested, a phenomenon of potentially substantial implications in educational settings. While the effect itself is firmly established in previous research, little is known of related brain changes. Here we used fMRI and a parametric design to show that repeated successful retrieval during a memory acquisition phase leads to higher brain activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) at a subsequent test phase. The extent of ACC activity increase correlated across individuals with memory performance 5 months later. In relation to recent research that associates the ACC with memory consolidation processes, the present results suggest that the testing effect may operate at the systems level by enhancing consolidation of memory representations.
“测试效应”是指通过测试对记忆表现产生的有益影响，这一现象在教育环境中具有潜在的重要意义。虽然之前的研究已经证实了这一效应的存在，但与之相关的大脑变化却鲜为人知。在这里，我们使用 fMRI 和参数设计表明，在记忆获取阶段反复成功检索会导致后续测试阶段前扣带皮层（ACC）的脑活动增加。个体间的 ACC 活动增加程度与 5 个月后的记忆表现相关。鉴于最近的研究将 ACC 与记忆巩固过程联系起来，本研究结果表明，测试效应可能通过增强记忆表现来增强记忆巩固过程，从而在系统层面上起作用。
