Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2011 Dec;18(6):409-16. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e32834c800d.
To examine the roles of the placental and pituitary hormones in the control of maternal metabolism and fetal growth.
In addition to promoting growth of maternal tissues, placental growth hormone (GH-V) induces maternal insulin resistance and thereby facilitates the mobilization of maternal nutrients for fetal growth. Human placental lactogen (hPL) and prolactin increase maternal food intake by induction of central leptin resistance and promote maternal beta-cell expansion and insulin production to defend against the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. The effects of the lactogens are mediated by diverse signaling pathways and are potentiated by glucose. Pathologic conditions of pregnancy are associated with dysregulation of GH-V and hPL gene expression.
The somatogenic and lactogenic hormones of the placenta and maternal pituitary gland integrate the metabolic adaptations of pregnancy with the demands of fetal and neonatal development. Dysregulation of placental growth hormone and/or placental lactogen in pathologic conditions of pregnancy may adversely impact fetal growth and postnatal metabolic function.
探讨胎盘和垂体激素在母代代谢和胎儿生长中的作用。
除了促进母体组织生长外，胎盘生长激素（GH-V）还诱导母体胰岛素抵抗，从而促进母体营养物质向胎儿生长转移。人胎盘催乳素（hPL）和催乳素通过诱导中枢瘦素抵抗增加母体食物摄入，并促进母体β细胞的扩张和胰岛素的产生，以抵御妊娠糖尿病的发生。这些催乳素的作用是通过多种信号通路介导的，并受葡萄糖的增强。妊娠的病理状况与 GH-V 和 hPL 基因表达的失调有关。
胎盘和母体垂体的生长激素和催乳素将妊娠的代谢适应与胎儿和新生儿发育的需求结合在一起。妊娠病理状况下胎盘生长激素和/或胎盘催乳素的失调可能会对胎儿生长和出生后代谢功能产生不利影响。
