尼日利亚埃努古的烧伤病例——病因与预防。一项六年回顾性研究（2000年1月至2005年12月）

Burn Injuries in Enugu, Nigeria - Aetiology and Prevention. A Six-year Retrospective Review (January 2000 - December 2005).

作者信息

Nnabuko R E E, Ogbonnaya I S, Otene C I, Ogbonna U, Amanari O C, Opara K O

机构信息

Plastic Surgery Department, National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.

出版信息

Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2009 Mar 31;22(1):40-3.

PMID:21991150

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3188203/

Abstract

Background.Burn injuries frequently occur in our homes and workplaces and during travels. They are a common presentation at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, which is a regional centre for burns care and for plastic surgery, orthopaedic surgery, and trauma patients. Most burn injuries are preventable, and campaigns to arouse greater awareness are necessary to reduce the number of occurrences. Objectives.The objectives of this study are to highlight the causes of burn injuries and to characterize age and sex incidences, as also the severity of burn injuries. It is hoped that formidable preventive measures will be suggested to aid public enlightenment campaigns in fighting the scourge of burn injuries. Materials and method. A retrospective review of patient's folders from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2005 showed that 414 cases of burn-injured patients were treated at the emergency unit of the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu. Results. Flame burns accounted for 48.3% of burn injuries followed by scalds with 40.6%; chemical burns accounted for 6.3%, while electrical and friction burns accounted for 4.6% and 1.0% respectively. Males made up 60.4% of the cases and females 39.6% (ratio, 1.5:1). The age group most commonly affected was that of children aged between 0 and 10 yr, accounting for 37.2% of cases, followed by the 21-30 yr age group with 22.7%. Altogether, 95.0% of the patients were aged less than 50 yr. With regard to flame burns, 51.5% were due to petrol flames (premium motor spirit), while 33.0% were due to kerosene. Cooking gas explosions accounted for 7.5% of the cases and diesel (automotive gas oil) 1.0%. Of the scalds, hot water accounted for 89.3% and hot oil 7.7%. As to chemical burns, 84.6% were due to acids, with alkalis, corrosive creams, and others making up the rest. With regard to electrical injury, current passage accounted for 63.2% of cases and flash burns for 36.8%.

摘要

背景。烧伤在我们的家庭、工作场所及旅行期间经常发生。在尼日利亚埃努古的国家骨科医院，烧伤是常见病症，该医院是烧伤护理以及整形手术、骨外科手术和创伤患者的区域中心。大多数烧伤是可预防的，开展提高认识的活动对于减少烧伤发生次数很有必要。目的。本研究的目的是突出烧伤的原因，描述年龄和性别发病率以及烧伤的严重程度。希望能提出强有力的预防措施，以协助公众宣传活动抗击烧伤这一灾祸。材料与方法。对2000年1月至2005年12月患者病历的回顾性研究表明，414例烧伤患者在埃努古国家骨科医院急诊科接受了治疗。结果。火焰烧伤占烧伤病例的48.3%，其次是烫伤，占40.6%；化学烧伤占6.3%，而电击伤和摩擦伤分别占4.6%和1.0%。男性占病例的60.4%，女性占39.6%（比例为1.5:1）。最常受影响的年龄组是0至10岁的儿童，占病例的37.2%，其次是21至30岁年龄组，占22.7%。总计95.0%的患者年龄小于50岁。关于火焰烧伤，51.5%是由汽油火焰（优质车用汽油）导致的，而33.0%是由煤油导致的。燃气爆炸占病例的7.5%，柴油（车用柴油）占1.0%。在烫伤中，热水占89.3%，热油占7.7%。至于化学烧伤，84.6%是由酸导致的，其余由碱、腐蚀性乳膏等造成。关于电击伤，电流通过占病例的63.2%，闪燃占36.8%。