Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25479. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025479. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
Deficiency of serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) has been correlated with increased risk of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and influenza. A plausible reason for this association is that expression of genes encoding important antimicrobial proteins depends on concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) produced by activated immune cells at sites of infection, and that synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is dependent on the availability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3). Thus, increasing the availability of 25(OH)D(3) for immune cell synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) at sites of infection has been hypothesized to aid in clearance of the infection. This report details the treatment of an acute intramammary infection with infusion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) to the site of infection. Ten lactating cows were infected with in one quarter of their mammary glands. Half of the animals were treated intramammary with 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3). The 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) treated animal showed significantly lower bacterial counts in milk and showed reduced symptomatic affects of the mastitis. It is significant that treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) reduced the severity of an acute bacterial infection. This finding suggested a significant non-antibiotic complimentary role for 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) in the treatment of infections in compartments naturally low in 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) such as the mammary gland and by extension, possibly upper respiratory tract infections.
血清 25-羟维生素 D(3) 水平不足与结核病和流感等传染病的风险增加有关。这种关联的一个合理原因是，编码重要抗菌蛋白的基因的表达取决于感染部位激活的免疫细胞产生的 1,25-二羟维生素 D(3) 的浓度，而 1,25-二羟维生素 D(3) 的合成依赖于 25-羟维生素 D(3)的可用性。因此，增加感染部位免疫细胞合成 1,25-二羟维生素 D(3)的 25(OH)D(3)的可用性，被认为有助于清除感染。本报告详细介绍了通过向感染部位输注 25-羟维生素 D(3)来治疗急性乳腺炎的情况。十头哺乳期奶牛的一个乳房象限受到感染。一半的动物接受了 25-羟维生素 D(3) 的乳房内治疗。用 25-羟维生素 D(3) 治疗的动物的牛奶中细菌计数明显较低，乳腺炎的症状影响也较小。重要的是，用 25-羟维生素 D(3) 治疗可降低急性细菌性感染的严重程度。这一发现表明，25-羟维生素 D(3) 在治疗自然缺乏 25-羟维生素 D(3)的部位（如乳房）的感染方面具有重要的非抗生素补充作用，并可能扩展到上呼吸道感染。
