Rijal P, Sharma A, Shrestha S, Upadhyay S
Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Nepal Med Coll J. 2011 Mar;13(1):58-61.
The purpose of this study was to find out the current pattern and prevalence of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital in Katmandu, Nepal. A retrospective study was done in 73 children, admitted to the Pediatric ward over a period of one year from January 2010-December 2010. This study showed, 52.0% children below two years of age had acute lower respiratory tract infections, where 68.4% had pneumonia and 31.6% had acute bronchiolitis. The prevalence of infections was 58.9% in male children. The occurrence of infections was common in January and April month. Pneumonia was detected in 37.7% children with malnutrition. The most common presenting symptoms was fever observed in 90.4%, cough in 71.2% and fast breathing in 34.2% children. The WBC count was high in 47.9% children, out of which 43.8% had pneumonia and 4.1% had bronchiolitis. Increased neutrophil count in 36.9% and increased ESR in 50.7% seen in patients only with pneumonia. Chest x-ray showed, lobar pneumonia in 45.2% children where right middle zone was most commonly involved in 42.4% patients. Six (8.2%) children were diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis. The average duration of hospital stay was 6 days.
本研究的目的是了解尼泊尔加德满都尼泊尔医学院教学医院儿童急性下呼吸道感染的当前模式和患病率。对2010年1月至2010年12月期间在儿科病房住院的73名儿童进行了回顾性研究。该研究显示，两岁以下儿童中有52.0%患有急性下呼吸道感染，其中68.4%患有肺炎，31.6%患有急性细支气管炎。男性儿童的感染患病率为58.9%。感染在1月和4月最为常见。在37.7%的营养不良儿童中检测到肺炎。最常见的症状是发热，90.4%的儿童有发热症状，71.2%的儿童咳嗽，34.2%的儿童呼吸急促。47.9%的儿童白细胞计数较高，其中43.8%患有肺炎，4.1%患有细支气管炎。仅肺炎患者中36.9%的中性粒细胞计数增加，50.7%的红细胞沉降率增加。胸部X光显示，45.2%的儿童患有大叶性肺炎，其中42.4%的患者最常累及右中区。6名（8.2%）儿童被诊断为肺结核。平均住院时间为6天。
