Głogowska-Ligus Joanna, Dabek Józefa, Koj Jacek, Bonek-Wytrych Grazyna, Lepich Tomasz, Bajor Grzegorz
Department of Epidemiology, Silesian Medical University of Katowice, Poland.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2011 Sep;31(183):154-8.
Hepatitis belongs to a group of diseases caused by different hepatotropic viruses, which are responsible for inflamation of the liver. The most common form of liver infection is hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is transmitted by blood and other body fluids. The infection can also occur during pregnancy--the fetus contact with mother physiological fluids, direct contact with infected blood, unprotected sexual contact and intravenous administration of drugs using of unsterile needles. Chronic hepatitis B accounts for approximately 80% of liver cancer. HBV constitutes a major epidemiological threat. According to statistical data over 2 billion people worldwide are infected. 60% of patients are non-symptomatic, while 40-50 develop disease symptoms. All this often lead to inflamation, cirrhosis hepatis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV vaccinaton presents the only effective way to prevent the disease. Therefore it is extremely important to make people fully aware of the disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate hepatitis virus B vaccination and hepatitis incidence rate in the patients, who are non-medical staff members.
Family Doctor Office and Cardiology Clinic patients were included in the study. The source of data was questionnaire concerning anti-hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis occurrence.
The research was conducted on a group of 312 patient (109 male and 203 female). In this group, 168 people got vaccinated against the hepatitis B (53.84%). 29 patients (9.29%) had little knowledge about such a possibility of immunization, while 17 people (5.44%) knew nothing about the vaccination. The most common reason for vaccination was preventive action (preparation for medical treatment)--83 people (49.40%). Only 10 people (3.20%) from the studied group got infected. The most frequent reason were medical procedures.
In Poland, the number of people vaccinated against B hepatitis is still very low. Therefore it is necessary to run a nationwide informative campaign and to intensify pro-vaccination activities. All this is extremely important for prevention of serious complications such as: liver failure, cirrhosis hepatis and hapatocelluar carcinoma. In the studied group it was medical procedures that became the source of infection. To guard ourselves against such situations in future it is vital to introduce and follow septic and antiseptic regime.
肝炎属于由不同嗜肝病毒引起的一组疾病，这些病毒会导致肝脏炎症。最常见的肝脏感染形式是乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）。它通过血液和其他体液传播。感染也可能在怀孕期间发生——胎儿接触母亲的生理体液、直接接触受感染的血液、无保护的性接触以及使用未消毒针头进行静脉注射毒品。慢性乙型肝炎约占肝癌的80%。HBV构成了重大的流行病学威胁。根据统计数据，全球超过20亿人受到感染。60%的患者没有症状，而40% - 50%会出现疾病症状。所有这些往往会导致炎症、肝硬化和肝细胞癌。乙肝疫苗接种是预防该疾病的唯一有效方法。因此，让人们充分了解这种疾病极其重要。该研究的目的是评估非医务人员患者的乙肝疫苗接种情况和肝炎发病率。
研究纳入了家庭医生办公室和心脏病诊所的患者。数据来源是关于乙肝疫苗接种和肝炎发生情况的问卷。
研究针对一组312名患者（109名男性和203名女性）进行。在该组中，168人接种了乙肝疫苗（53.84%）。29名患者（9.29%）对这种免疫可能性了解甚少，而17人（5.44%）对疫苗接种一无所知。接种疫苗最常见的原因是预防措施（为医疗做准备）——83人（49.40%）。研究组中只有10人（3.20%）受到感染。最常见的原因是医疗程序。
在波兰，接种乙肝疫苗的人数仍然非常少。因此，有必要开展全国性的宣传活动并加强支持疫苗接种的活动。所有这些对于预防严重并发症如肝衰竭、肝硬化和肝细胞癌极为重要。在研究组中，医疗程序成为了感染源。为了在未来防范此类情况，引入并遵循消毒和防腐制度至关重要。
