Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland.
Microb Cell Fact. 2011 Aug 30;10 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S19. doi: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-S1-S19.
Before a probiotic bacterium can even begin to fulfill its biological role, it must survive a battery of environmental stresses imposed during food processing and passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Food processing stresses include extremes in temperature, as well as osmotic, oxidative and food matrix stresses. Passage through the GIT is a hazardous journey for any bacteria with deleterious lows in pH encountered in the stomach to the detergent-like properties of bile in the duodenum. However, bacteria are equipped with an array of defense mechanisms to counteract intracellular damage or to enhance the robustness of the cell to withstand lethal external environments. Understanding these mechanisms in probiotic bacteria and indeed other bacterial groups has resulted in the development of a molecular toolbox to augment the technological and gastrointestinal performance of probiotics. This has been greatly aided by studies which examine the global cellular responses to stress highlighting distinct regulatory networks and which also identify novel mechanisms used by cells to cope with hazardous environments. This review highlights the latest studies which have exploited the bacterial stress response with a view to producing next-generation probiotic cultures and highlights the significance of studies which view the global bacterial stress response from an integrative systems biology perspective.
在益生菌细菌开始发挥其生物学作用之前，它必须在食品加工和通过胃肠道 (GIT) 过程中经受一系列环境压力的考验。食品加工压力包括温度极端，以及渗透压、氧化和食品基质压力。通过 GIT 对任何细菌来说都是一次危险的旅程，因为在胃中遇到的有害低 pH 值以及十二指肠中胆汁的清洁剂特性都会对其造成损害。然而，细菌配备了一系列防御机制来对抗细胞内损伤，或增强细胞的稳健性以承受致命的外部环境。了解益生菌细菌甚至其他细菌群体中的这些机制，已经导致了一个分子工具包的开发，以增强益生菌的技术和胃肠道性能。这得益于研究，这些研究检查了细胞对压力的全球反应，突出了不同的调控网络，并且还确定了细胞用于应对危险环境的新机制。这篇综述强调了最新的研究，这些研究利用了细菌的应激反应，以期生产下一代益生菌培养物，并强调了从综合系统生物学角度看待全球细菌应激反应的研究的重要性。
