Kobus G, Małyszko J, Małyszko J S, Puza E, Bachórzewska-Gajewska H, Myśliwiec M
Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.
Transplant Proc. 2011 Oct;43(8):2930-4. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.08.031.
Many factors affect long-term graft and patient survival. Compliance with lifestyle recommendation may be an important factor. Lifestyle modifications may play a therapeutic and protective role against graft failure and possible death.
The aim of this work was to assess compliance with lifestyle recommendations among 110 kidney allograft recipients. All patients were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding life style, frequency of outpatient visits, self-control, diet, physical activity and addictions.
The mean age of the population was 48.79±13.18 years, and their mean time after transplantation was 69±44.5 years with a mean serum creatinine value of 1.45±0.7 mg/dL. Physicians were the major source of information (40%) for patients while in the hospital; nurses informed patients in only 5.5% of cases. The majority of patients (97.5%) attended regular outpatient clinic visits. A similar percentage of subjects regularly measured their blood pressure at home. One-fifth of the patient wrote a self-control diary. Only 55.5% of patients knew the immunosuppressive regimen, including the doses of the medications. An overweight condition was diagnosed in 39%, with obesity in 22%; 16% of the patients were smokers; one-fourth of the patients drank alcohol at least several times a month; 85.3% of patients did not change their diet after kidney transplantation; and one-half of the patients (64.2%) were not aware of dietary recommendations after kidney transplantation.
The majority of patients regularly attended the outpatient clinic and ingested immunosuppressive medications. However, their knowledge regarding diet, cancer prophylaxis, and self-control was insufficient. Therefore, there is a need to introduce more intense organizational and educational activities to improve patient knowledge.
许多因素影响移植肾和患者的长期存活。遵守生活方式建议可能是一个重要因素。生活方式的改变可能对移植肾失功和可能的死亡起到治疗和保护作用。
本研究旨在评估110例肾移植受者对生活方式建议的遵守情况。所有患者均被要求填写一份关于生活方式、门诊就诊频率、自我管理、饮食、体育活动和成瘾情况的问卷。
研究人群的平均年龄为48.79±13.18岁，移植后的平均时间为69±44.5年，血清肌酐平均值为1.45±0.7mg/dL。住院期间，医生是患者信息的主要来源（40%），而护士仅在5.5%的病例中为患者提供信息。大多数患者（97.5%）定期门诊就诊。类似比例的受试者在家中定期测量血压。五分之一的患者写自我管理日记。只有55.5%的患者了解免疫抑制方案，包括药物剂量。39%的患者被诊断为超重，22%为肥胖；16%的患者吸烟；四分之一的患者每月至少饮酒几次；85.3%的患者肾移植后未改变饮食；一半的患者（64.2%）不了解肾移植后的饮食建议。
大多数患者定期门诊就诊并服用免疫抑制药物。然而，他们在饮食、癌症预防和自我管理方面的知识不足。因此，需要开展更密集的组织和教育活动以提高患者的知识水平。
