Arteriosklerose-Präventions-Institut München - Nürnberg, Wilbrechtstr 95, D-81477 München, Germany.
Atherosclerosis. 2011 Dec;219(2):937-45. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.09.032. Epub 2011 Sep 24.
We examined whether associations between improved cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle changes persist over 1 year in a real life setting.
Out of 2690 invited healthy parents and their children, 986 accepted the invitation to participate and completed the 1-year rigorous observational study with general lifestyle advice. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip circumference, skin fold thickness, blood pressure; fasting lipids and glucose, nutrition, physical activity, and tobacco smoke exposition within biological families were assessed. SPSS was used to perform statistical analyses.
After 1 year of sustained advice of healthy lifestyle, the majority of CVD risk factors had improved in parents and their children most beneficially in daughters. In sons and fathers, the prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia decreased from 22.6% to 6.7% respectively from 27.5% to 10.6%. In daughters, the prevalence of hypertension decreased from 21.8% to 10.6% and the lipid profile improved considerably. Daily fat consumption as percentage of kcal as percentage fat significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by 6% and the ratio polyunsaturated to saturated fat and consequently the P/S ratio increased by 11.7% in all participants. The age and gender adjusted changes in parents (using GEE) after 1 year were predictive in children for reduced energy intake (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.6-3.1), reduced fat consumption (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.4-2.6) and a higher P/S ratio (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.9-3.6). Daily leisure time physical inactivity of parents was associated with low HDL-C (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.0-4.0) in daughters. Tobacco smoke exposition decreased by 19.3% in all participants whereas alcohol intake in parents decreased by 15% after 1 year.
Intra-familial lifestyle behavior and cardiovascular risk factors improve after 1 year of sustained advice in schoolchildren and their parents.
在真实环境中，我们研究了心血管危险因素和生活方式改善是否在 1 年内持续存在。
在 2690 名受邀的健康父母及其子女中，有 986 人接受了参加为期 1 年的严格观察性研究的邀请，并接受了关于一般生活方式的建议。评估了身体质量指数、腰围、腰高比、腰臀比、皮褶厚度、血压、空腹血脂和血糖、营养、体力活动以及生物家族内的烟草烟雾暴露。使用 SPSS 进行统计分析。
经过 1 年持续的健康生活方式建议，大多数 CVD 危险因素在父母及其子女中得到了改善，其中女儿受益最大。在儿子和父亲中，空腹高血糖的患病率分别从 27.5%降至 6.7%和 22.6%降至 6.7%。在女儿中，高血压的患病率从 21.8%降至 10.6%，血脂谱明显改善。所有参与者的每日脂肪摄入量占卡路里的百分比显著（p < 0.05）下降 6%，多不饱和脂肪与饱和脂肪的比例以及因此 P/S 比增加 11.7%。1 年后，父母的年龄和性别调整变化（使用 GEE）可预测儿童的能量摄入减少（OR 2.3；95%CI 1.6-3.1）、脂肪摄入减少（OR 1.9；95%CI 1.4-2.6）和更高的 P/S 比（OR 2.6；95%CI 1.9-3.6）。父母的日常休闲时间体力活动不足与女儿的低 HDL-C（OR 2.0；95%CI 1.0-4.0）有关。所有参与者的烟草烟雾暴露量减少了 19.3%，而父母的酒精摄入量在 1 年后减少了 15%。
在对学童及其父母进行 1 年持续建议后，家庭内的生活方式行为和心血管危险因素得到了改善。
