Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, JHOC 3140C, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Radiographics. 2011 Oct;31(6):1793-807. doi: 10.1148/rg.316115502.
Castleman disease is a nonclonal lymphoproliferative disorder and one of the more common causes of nonneoplastic lymphadenopathy. Because of its diverse manifestations and ability to affect any body region, Castleman disease is a great mimic of both benign and malignant abnormalities in the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Castleman disease most commonly manifests as unicentric disease (unicentric Castleman disease) with a hyperenhancing lymph nodal mass and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lymphoma, metastatic adenopathy, and infectious and/or inflammatory diseases that result in adenopathy. Castleman disease includes a spectrum of pathologic variants, including the classic hyaline vascular type, the less common plasma cell variant of Castleman disease, and the more recently described multicentric Castleman disease and Castleman disease associated with human herpesvirus 8. Castleman disease has been associated with the human immunodeficiency virus, lymphoma, POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes) syndrome, paraneoplastic pemphigus, and plasma cell dyscrasias. Aggressive forms of Castleman disease with systemic manifestations may occur. Unicentric hyaline vascular Castleman disease is often curable with surgery; however, multicentric Castleman disease may require steroid treatment, chemotherapy, antiviral medication, or the use of antiproliferative regimens because a surgical procedure cannot be curative in this setting. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.316115502/-/DC1.
血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症是一种非克隆性淋巴组织增生性疾病，也是非肿瘤性淋巴结病的较常见病因之一。由于其表现多样，可影响身体任何部位，血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症在颈部、胸部、腹部和骨盆中，是良性和恶性异常的“超级模仿者”。血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症最常表现为局灶性疾病（局灶性血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症），伴有增强的淋巴结肿块，在鉴别诊断淋巴瘤、转移性淋巴结病、以及导致淋巴结病的感染和/或炎症性疾病时，应考虑到血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症。血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症包括一系列病理变异型，包括经典的透明血管型、少见的浆细胞型血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症、以及最近描述的多中心血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症和与人类疱疹病毒 8 相关的血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症。血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症与人类免疫缺陷病毒、淋巴瘤、POEMS（多发性神经病、器官肿大、内分泌病、M 蛋白和皮肤改变）综合征、副肿瘤性天疱疮和浆细胞异常有关。有全身表现的侵袭性血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症可能发生。局灶性透明血管型血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症通常可通过手术治愈；然而，多中心血管滤泡性淋巴结增生症可能需要类固醇治疗、化疗、抗病毒药物治疗或使用抗增殖方案，因为在这种情况下手术无法治愈。补充材料可在 http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.316115502/-/DC1 上获得。
