Wintemute G J, Kraus J F, Teret S P, Wright M A
Department of Family Practice, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817.
Am J Public Health. 1990 Sep;80(9):1068-70. doi: 10.2105/ajph.80.9.1068.
We present an epidemiologic characterization of deaths from motor vehicle immersions, based on 77 deaths in 63 motor vehicle immersions in Sacramento County, CA, during 1974-85. All persons were autopsied; all but one of the deaths were due to drowning. Average annual mortality rates per million person years were 12 for males, four for females, 30 for Hispanics, six for White non-Hispanics, Blacks and Asians. Seventy-one percent of drivers and 60 percent of passengers had a blood alcohol concentration greater than or equal to 22 mmol/L. Most cases (57 percent) had an Injury Severity Score of 1 (minor injury) or 0 (no injury). Alcohol use was associated with higher Injury Severity Scores. Road curvature of 20 degrees or greater was far more common at crash sites than at matched control sites one mile away (OR = 6.57, 95% CI = 2.93, 14.71). Guard rail placement along highly curved sections of roadway may be an effective preventive measure.
我们基于加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托县1974年至1985年期间63起机动车浸没事故中的77例死亡病例，对机动车浸没致死情况进行了流行病学特征分析。所有死者均接受了尸检；除1例死亡外，其余均死于溺水。每百万人口年平均死亡率男性为12例，女性为4例，西班牙裔为30例，非西班牙裔白人、黑人和亚洲人为6例。71%的驾驶员和60%的乘客血液酒精浓度大于或等于22 mmol/L。大多数病例（57%）的损伤严重程度评分为1（轻伤）或0（无损伤）。饮酒与较高的损伤严重程度评分相关。事故现场道路曲率为20度或更大的情况远比一英里外的匹配对照地点更为常见（比值比=6.57，95%置信区间=2.93，14.71）。在道路曲率较高的路段设置护栏可能是一种有效的预防措施。
