Agócs M M, Trent R B, Russell D M
Emergency Preparedness and Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento 95814.
Public Health Rep. 1994 Mar-Apr;109(2):290-5.
Statewide surveillance in California determined that the highest drowning rate from 1980 through 1989 was for the rural, desert county of Imperial (21.9 drownings per 100,000 population). To identify activities associated with drowning in this county, the authors abstracted data from the county sheriff-coroner's reports. From 1980 through 1990, there were 317 unintentional drownings; 85 percent occurred in irrigation canals. The activity prior to drowning was known for 262 persons (83 percent), and the most common activity was illegal entry into the United States. Overall, 140 persons (53 percent) were illegal entrants. Ninety-three percent of illegal entrants drowned in the All American Canal; the monthly drowning rate increased as the monthly average water velocity in the canal increased (r = 0.36; P < 0.001). Forty-eight persons (18 percent) drowned while riding in or on a land vehicle (automobile, pick-up truck, motorcycle, dune buggy, or tractor), the second most common activity associated with drowning. Seventy percent of the 23 drivers had an alcohol concentration of 100 milligrams per deciliter or more, California's limit for intoxication. To reduce drownings in Imperial County, prevention strategies should target persons engaged in at-risk activities near bodies of water. These strategies should include the identification and use of effective canal safety devices.
加利福尼亚州的全州范围监测确定，1980年至1989年期间溺水率最高的是地处农村沙漠地区的帝国县（每10万人口中有21.9人溺水）。为了确定该县与溺水相关的活动，作者从县治安官-验尸官的报告中提取了数据。1980年至1990年期间，共有317起意外溺水事件；85%发生在灌溉水渠。已知262人（83%）溺水前的活动，最常见的活动是非法进入美国。总体而言，140人（53%）是非法入境者。93%的非法入境者在全美运河溺水；随着运河月平均水流速度增加，每月溺水率也上升（r = 0.36；P < 0.001）。48人（18%）在乘坐陆地车辆（汽车、皮卡、摩托车、沙滩车或拖拉机）时溺水，这是与溺水相关的第二常见活动。23名司机中有70%的酒精浓度达到或超过每分升100毫克，这是加利福尼亚州的醉酒限制。为减少帝国县的溺水事件，预防策略应针对在水体附近从事高危活动的人群。这些策略应包括识别和使用有效的水渠安全装置。
