Hansen Vinni M, Meyling Nicolai Vitt, Winding Anne, Eilenberg Jørgen, Madsen Anne Mette
The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2012 Mar;56(2):170-81. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mer090. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
We have quantified vegetable growers' exposure to fungal bioaerosol components including (1→3)-β-d-glucan (β-glucan), total fungal spores, and culturable fungal units. Furthermore, we have evaluated factors that might affect vegetable growers' exposure to fungal bioaerosols and airborne dust. Investigated environments included greenhouses producing cucumbers and tomatoes, open fields producing cabbage, broccoli, and celery, and packing facilities. Measurements were performed at different times during the growth season and during execution of different work tasks. Bioaerosols were collected with personal and stationary filter samplers. Selected fungal species (Beauveria spp., Trichoderma spp., Penicillium olsonii, and Penicillium brevicompactum) were identified using different polymerase chain reaction-based methods and sequencing. We found that the factors (i) work task, (ii) crop, including growth stage of handled plant material, and (iii) open field versus greenhouse significantly affected the workers' exposure to bioaerosols. Packing of vegetables and working in open fields caused significantly lower exposure to bioaerosols, e.g. mesophilic fungi and dust, than harvesting in greenhouses and clearing of senescent greenhouse plants. Also removing strings in cucumber greenhouses caused a lower exposure to bioaerosols than harvest of cucumbers while removal of old plants caused the highest exposure. In general, the exposure was higher in greenhouses than in open fields. The exposures to β-glucan during harvest and clearing of senescent greenhouse plants were very high (median values ranging between 50 and 1500 ng m(-3)) compared to exposures reported from other occupational environments. In conclusion, vegetable growers' exposure to bioaerosols was related to the environment, in which they worked, the investigated work tasks, and the vegetable crop.
我们已对蔬菜种植者接触真菌生物气溶胶成分的情况进行了量化，这些成分包括（1→3）-β-D-葡聚糖（β-葡聚糖）、总真菌孢子和可培养真菌单位。此外，我们还评估了可能影响蔬菜种植者接触真菌生物气溶胶和空气传播灰尘的因素。调查的环境包括种植黄瓜和西红柿的温室、种植卷心菜、西兰花和芹菜的露天田地以及包装设施。在生长季节的不同时间以及执行不同工作任务期间进行了测量。使用个人和固定式过滤器采样器收集生物气溶胶。使用不同的基于聚合酶链反应的方法和测序技术鉴定了选定的真菌物种（白僵菌属、木霉属、奥尔森青霉和短密青霉）。我们发现，（i）工作任务、（ii）作物（包括所处理植物材料的生长阶段）以及（iii）露天田地与温室这几个因素对工人接触生物气溶胶有显著影响。蔬菜包装和在露天田地工作导致接触生物气溶胶（如嗜温真菌和灰尘）的程度明显低于在温室中收获和清理衰老温室植物。此外，在黄瓜温室中摘除瓜蔓比收获黄瓜导致接触生物气溶胶的程度更低，而清除老株导致的接触程度最高。总体而言，温室中的接触程度高于露天田地。与其他职业环境报告的接触水平相比，收获和清理衰老温室植物期间接触β-葡聚糖的水平非常高（中位数在50至1500 ng m⁻³之间）。总之，蔬菜种植者接触生物气溶胶的情况与他们工作的环境、所调查的工作任务以及蔬菜作物有关。
