Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
Cancer Imaging. 2011 Sep 24;11(1):144-54. doi: 10.1102/1470-7330.2011.0021.
Imaging a new mass lesion in a child requires careful consideration of a variety of issues. The age of the child is an important factor in determining the appropriate test to start with and the age also helps provide an appropriate differential diagnosis, which can then be used to guide further imaging. The long-term outcome for most children with cancer is very good, with over 70% achieving 5-year survival and presumed cure. Consequently their imaging requirements should be regarded as equal to all other children. Minimizing exposure to ionizing radiation, particularly where follow-up imaging is required is an important consideration. This article focuses specifically on general paediatric radiology and neuro-oncology imaging is not addressed. The pitfalls to be aware of in plain radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine (positron emission tomography-computed tomography and single photon emission computed tomography) in children with a proven or suspected malignancy are discussed.
在儿童中发现新的肿块病变需要仔细考虑各种问题。儿童的年龄是决定首先进行何种检查的重要因素，年龄也有助于提供适当的鉴别诊断，进而指导进一步的影像学检查。大多数患有癌症的儿童的长期预后非常好，超过 70%的儿童达到 5 年生存率并被认为治愈。因此，他们的影像学检查需求应与其他儿童平等对待。尽量减少电离辐射的暴露，特别是在需要进行随访影像学检查的情况下，这是一个重要的考虑因素。本文专门针对儿科普通放射学，未涉及神经肿瘤学。讨论了在已确诊或疑似恶性肿瘤的儿童中，普通 X 线摄影、超声、计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像和核医学（正电子发射断层扫描-计算机断层扫描和单光子发射计算机断层扫描）中需要注意的陷阱。
