Mills J T
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Winnipeg, Man.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1990 Jul;68(7):982-6. doi: 10.1139/y90-149.
Toxins occasionally present on cereal grains in the field in western Canada include ergot alkaloids produced by Claviceps purpurea and trichothecenes produced by Fusarium species, particularly Fusarium sporotrichiodes and Fusarium graminearum. HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and deoxynivalenol are the main trichothecenes encountered. During storage of cereals, the predominant toxins and toxigenic fungi are ochratoxin A and citrinin produced by Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum, and P. verrucosum and sterigmatocystin produced by Aspergillus versicolor. The incidence of toxin-contaminated grains is extremely low relative to the volume of grains produced. Occurrence of toxins is influenced by field moisture, temperature, and bin storage conditions of a particular year. The risk of toxin production is highest in durum wheat and lowest in oats.
加拿大西部田间谷物上偶尔出现的毒素包括由麦角菌产生的麦角生物碱以及由镰刀菌属物种，特别是拟分枝孢镰刀菌和禾谷镰刀菌产生的单端孢霉烯族毒素。HT-2毒素、T-2毒素、二乙酰氧基雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇是主要遇到的单端孢霉烯族毒素。在谷物储存期间，主要的毒素和产毒真菌是由橘灰青霉、产黄青霉和疣孢青霉产生的赭曲霉毒素A和桔霉素，以及由杂色曲霉产生的柄曲霉素。相对于所生产谷物的数量而言，受毒素污染的谷物发生率极低。毒素的出现受特定年份的田间湿度、温度和仓库储存条件影响。毒素产生的风险在硬粒小麦中最高，在燕麦中最低。
