Al-Bulushi Ismail M, Bani-Uraba Muna S, Guizani Nejib S, Al-Khusaibi Mohammed K, Al-Sadi Abdullah M
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box-34, Al-Khod, 123, Oman.
Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box-34, Al-Khod, 123, Oman.
BMC Microbiol. 2017 Mar 27;17(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-0985-7.
Date palm has been a major fruit tree in the Middle East over thousands of years, especially in the Arabian Peninsula. Dates are consumed fresh (Rutab) or after partial drying and storage (Tamar) during off-season. The aim of the study was to provide in-depth analysis of fungal communities associated with the skin (outer part) and mesocarp (inner fleshy part) of stored dates (Tamar) of two cultivars (Khenizi and Burny) through the use of Illumina MiSeq sequencing.
The study revealed the dominance of Ascomycota (94%) in both cultivars, followed by Chytridiomycota (4%) and Zygomycota (2%). Among the classes recovered, Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Saccharomycetes and Sordariomycetes were the most dominant. A total of 54 fungal species were detected, with species belonging to Penicillium, Alternaria, Cladosporium and Aspergillus comprising more than 60% of the fungal reads. Some potentially mycotoxin-producing fungi were detected in stored dates, including Aspergillus flavus, A. versicolor and Penicillium citrinum, but their relative abundance was very limited (<0.5%). PerMANOVA analysis revealed the presence of insignificant differences in fungal communities between date parts or date cultivars, indicating that fungal species associated with the skin may also be detected in the mesocarp. It also indicates the possible contamination of dates from different cultivars with similar fungal species, even though if they are obtained from different areas.
The analysis shows the presence of different fungal species in dates. This appears to be the first study to report 25 new fungal species in Oman and 28 new fungal species from date fruits. The study discusses the sources of fungi on dates and the presence of potentially mycotoxin producing fungi on date skin and mesocarp.
数千年来，海枣一直是中东地区的主要果树，尤其是在阿拉伯半岛。海枣在淡季时可鲜食（软枣），也可经过部分干燥和储存后食用（椰枣）。本研究的目的是通过使用Illumina MiSeq测序技术，对两个品种（Khenizi和Burny）储存海枣（椰枣）的表皮（外部）和中果皮（内部肉质部分）相关的真菌群落进行深入分析。
该研究表明，两个品种中海枣囊菌门（94%）占主导地位，其次是壶菌门（4%）和接合菌门（2%）。在恢复的分类中，散囊菌纲、座囊菌纲、酵母纲和粪壳菌纲最为占主导地位。共检测到54种真菌，其中青霉属、链格孢属、枝孢属和曲霉属的物种占真菌读数的60%以上。在储存的海枣中检测到一些可能产生霉菌毒素的真菌，包括黄曲霉、杂色曲霉和桔青霉，但它们的相对丰度非常有限（<0.5%）。多变量方差分析显示，海枣不同部位或品种之间的真菌群落存在不显著差异，这表明与表皮相关的真菌物种也可能在中果皮中被检测到。这也表明，即使不同品种的海枣来自不同地区，它们也可能被相似的真菌物种污染。
分析表明海枣中存在不同的真菌物种。这似乎是第一项报告阿曼有25种新真菌物种以及海枣果实中有28种新真菌物种的研究。该研究讨论了海枣上真菌的来源以及海枣表皮和中果皮上可能产生霉菌毒素的真菌的存在情况。
