University of Texas School of Public Health, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012 Jan-Feb;22(1):16-23. doi: 10.1038/jes.2011.30. Epub 2011 Oct 19.
Longitudinal measurements of biomarkers for metals, phthalates, environmental tobacco smoke, organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and volatile organic compounds were made in blood and/or urine from a stratified, random sample of more than 100 elementary school-aged children living in an inner-city section of Minneapolis. Repeated measures of 31 exposure biomarkers indicate that between-child variance (B-CV) was greater than within-child variance (W-CV) for 8 compounds, B-CV was a significant proportion of total variance for 9 compounds, and variances were homogeneous for 14 compounds. Among siblings living in the same household, positive correlations were observed for biomarker concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, metals, and volatile organic chemicals in blood, and total cotinine in urine. Biologic markers confirm that children from a low-income, ethnically diverse neighborhood experienced concurrent exposure to a variety of hazardous environmental chemicals during their everyday activities. Future monitoring studies should examine the nature and magnitude of children's cumulative exposure to both chemical and non-chemical stressors, especially in disadvantaged populations.
对居住在明尼阿波利斯市中心一个内城区的 100 多名小学生进行了分层随机抽样，检测其血液和/或尿液中的金属、邻苯二甲酸盐、环境烟草烟雾、有机氯和有机磷农药、多氯联苯和挥发性有机化合物的生物标志物的纵向测量。31 种暴露生物标志物的重复测量结果表明，对于 8 种化合物，个体间差异（B-CV）大于个体内差异（W-CV），9 种化合物的 B-CV 占总方差的很大比例，14 种化合物的方差是均匀的。在居住在同一家庭的兄弟姐妹中，血液中多氯联苯、有机氯农药、金属和挥发性有机化学物质的生物标志物浓度以及尿液中的总可替宁呈正相关。生物标志物证实，来自低收入、种族多样化社区的儿童在日常活动中同时接触到各种有害环境化学物质。未来的监测研究应研究儿童对化学和非化学应激源的累积暴露的性质和程度，特别是在弱势群体中。
