Guerreiro Diogo Frasquilho, Vieira Fernando, Costa-Santos Jorge
Serviço de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Portugal.
Acta Med Port. 2011 Mar-Apr;24(2):319-26. Epub 2011 May 20.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has been associated to a higher probability of problems with justice. Studies in prison populations disclosed higher prevalence of this disturbance. ADHD association with personality disorders and higher substance abuse could partially help in the explanation of this phenomenon. Based in a literature review, the authors present a reflection on the possible implications of the ADHD diagnosis to Forensic Medicine. After a brief review of the clinical aspects, epidemiology, etiology and nosology of ADHD, its repercussions in the sphere of justice are analysed, namely the prevalence of associated criminality, risk factors and the co-morbidity with personality disorders and substance abuse. These elements are used as a base to the discussion of the results and to a subsequent reflection on the question of (in)imputability related with this disorder.
成人注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与更高的司法问题发生率相关。对监狱人群的研究表明这种障碍的患病率更高。ADHD与人格障碍及更高的药物滥用之间的关联可能部分有助于解释这一现象。基于文献综述，作者对ADHD诊断对法医学的可能影响进行了思考。在简要回顾了ADHD的临床方面、流行病学、病因学和疾病分类学之后，分析了其在司法领域的影响，即相关犯罪行为的发生率、危险因素以及与人格障碍和药物滥用的共病情况。这些因素被用作讨论结果的基础，并随后对与该障碍相关的归责问题进行思考。
