Galland D, Tisserant I, Notardonato L
EPSM des Flandres, 790, route de Locre, 59270 Bailleul, France.
EPSM des Flandres, 790, route de Locre, 59270 Bailleul, France.
Encephale. 2017 May;43(3):268-272. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.04.012. Epub 2016 Sep 13.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and challenging childhood neurobehavioral disorders. ADHD may have behavioral consequences and involvements in minor and serious crimes. Our work aims to establish links between ADHD and forensic psychiatry.
A review of international scientific literature concerning the relationship between ADHD and forensic psychiatry was conducted using the PudMed electronic database. We used the Mesh terms: "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" and "forensic psychiatry". We also used the "related articles" function of PubMed, the bibliography of selected articles and the Google Scholar database to identify possible additional papers.
The prevalence of ADHD in prison populations may vary but remain higher than those found in the general population. Violence committed by a person with ADHD seems to be against other persons rather than property offences. Reactive-impulsive violence seems to be more prevalent than pro-active instrumental violence. The existence of ADHD does not appear as a risk factor of recidivism. The violence risk may be increased by the occurrence of comorbidities as conduct disorders and mental deficiency. There may exist a preferential association between ADHD and antisocial personality disorder or substance abuse which both increase the risk of violence.
To put in perspective forensic psychiatry and ADHD allowed us to identify typology of violence, epidemiological aspect of ADHD in a prison environment and comorbidities involved in the risk of violence. This research permits to precise elements of prevention, diagnosis and assistance in the management of violent behaviour in ADHD and in expert practice.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见且具挑战性的儿童神经行为障碍之一。ADHD可能产生行为后果，并涉及轻微和严重犯罪。我们的工作旨在建立ADHD与法医精神病学之间的联系。
使用PudMed电子数据库对有关ADHD与法医精神病学关系的国际科学文献进行综述。我们使用了医学主题词：“注意力缺陷多动障碍”和“法医精神病学”。我们还利用了PubMed的“相关文章”功能、所选文章的参考文献以及谷歌学术数据库来识别可能的其他论文。
监狱人群中ADHD的患病率可能有所不同，但仍高于普通人群。患有ADHD的人实施的暴力行为似乎更多针对他人而非财产犯罪。反应性冲动暴力似乎比主动性工具性暴力更为普遍。ADHD的存在似乎并非累犯的风险因素。共病如品行障碍和智力缺陷的发生可能会增加暴力风险。ADHD与反社会人格障碍或药物滥用之间可能存在优先关联，这两者都会增加暴力风险。
从法医精神病学和ADHD的角度进行研究，使我们能够识别暴力类型、监狱环境中ADHD的流行病学特征以及暴力风险中涉及的共病情况。这项研究有助于明确ADHD暴力行为管理以及专家实践中预防、诊断和援助的具体要素。
