Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Physiol Rev. 2011 Oct;91(4):1357-92. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2011.
Language processing is a trait of human species. The knowledge about its neurobiological basis has been increased considerably over the past decades. Different brain regions in the left and right hemisphere have been identified to support particular language functions. Networks involving the temporal cortex and the inferior frontal cortex with a clear left lateralization were shown to support syntactic processes, whereas less lateralized temporo-frontal networks subserve semantic processes. These networks have been substantiated both by functional as well as by structural connectivity data. Electrophysiological measures indicate that within these networks syntactic processes of local structure building precede the assignment of grammatical and semantic relations in a sentence. Suprasegmental prosodic information overtly available in the acoustic language input is processed predominantly in a temporo-frontal network in the right hemisphere associated with a clear electrophysiological marker. Studies with patients suffering from lesions in the corpus callosum reveal that the posterior portion of this structure plays a crucial role in the interaction of syntactic and prosodic information during language processing.
语言处理是人类物种的一种特征。在过去的几十年中，人们对其神经生物学基础的了解有了相当大的增加。已经确定了左半球和右半球的不同脑区来支持特定的语言功能。涉及颞叶皮层和额下回的网络，具有明显的左侧偏侧化，被证明支持句法过程，而语义过程则由较少偏侧化的颞额网络支持。这些网络不仅通过功能连接数据，也通过结构连接数据得到了证实。电生理测量表明，在这些网络中，局部结构构建的句法过程先于句子中语法和语义关系的分配。在声学语言输入中明显可用的超音段韵律信息主要在与明确的电生理标记相关的右半球的颞额网络中进行处理。对胼胝体损伤患者的研究表明，该结构的后部在语言处理过程中句法和韵律信息的相互作用中起着至关重要的作用。
