Unidad de Estudios Asistenciales, Complejo Asistencial Barros Luco, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Disabil Health J. 2011 Oct;4(4):271-82. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2011.06.002. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
Disability is a worldwide public health priority. A shift from a biomedical perspective of dysfunction to a broader social understanding of disability has been proposed. Among many different social factors described in the past, socioeconomic position remains as a key multidimensional determinant of health. The study goal was to analyze the relationship between disability and different domains of socioeconomic position in Chile.
Cross-sectional analysis of an anonymized population-based survey conducted in Chile in 2006. Any disability (dichotomous variable) and 6 different types of disability were analyzed on the bases of their relationship with income quintiles, occupational status, educational level, and material living standards (quality of the housing, overcrowding rate and sanitary conditions). Confounding and interaction effects were explored using R statistical program.
Income, education, occupation, and material measures of socioeconomic position, along with some sociodemographic characteristics of the population, were independently associated with the chance of being disabled in Chile. Interestingly, classic measures of socioeconomic position (income, education, and occupation) were consistently associated with any disability in Chile, whereas material living conditions were partially confounded by these classic measures. In addition to this, each type of disability showed a particular pattern of related social determinants, which also varied by age group.
This study contributed to the understanding of disability in Chile and how different domains of socioeconomic position might be associated with this prevalent condition. Disability remains a complex multidimensional public health problem in Chile that requires the inclusion of a wide range of risk factors, of which socioeconomic position is particularly relevant.
残疾是全球公共卫生的重点议题。从机能障碍的生物医学观点向更广泛的残疾社会理解转变已被提出。在过去描述的众多不同的社会因素中，社会经济地位仍然是健康的一个关键多维决定因素。本研究旨在分析智利残疾与不同社会经济地位领域之间的关系。
对智利 2006 年进行的一项基于人群的匿名调查进行了横断面分析。根据残疾与五分位数收入、职业状况、教育水平和物质生活水平（住房质量、拥挤率和卫生条件）之间的关系，分析了任何残疾（二分变量）和 6 种不同类型的残疾。使用 R 统计程序探索了混杂和交互作用效应。
收入、教育、职业和物质社会经济地位指标以及人口的一些社会人口学特征与智利残疾的机会独立相关。有趣的是，经典的社会经济地位衡量标准（收入、教育和职业）在智利与任何残疾始终相关，而物质生活条件部分受到这些经典衡量标准的混杂。除此之外，每种类型的残疾都表现出与社会决定因素的特定模式相关，而且这种模式因年龄组而异。
本研究有助于了解智利的残疾状况以及不同社会经济地位领域如何与这种普遍状况相关。残疾仍然是智利一个复杂的多维公共卫生问题，需要纳入广泛的风险因素，其中社会经济地位尤为重要。
