Department of Biophysics, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine & Gazi Non-ionizing Radiation, Protection (GNRP) Center, Ankara, Turkey.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Dec 1;410-411:59-64. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.036. Epub 2011 Oct 19.
The mutagenic and morphologic effects of 1.8GHz Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) modulated RF (radiofrequency) radiation alone and in combination with Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) pre-treatment in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hPBLs) were investigated in this study using Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) and electron microscopy. Cell viability was assessed with 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. The lymphocyte cultures were exposed to GSM modulated RF radiation at 1.8GHz for 6, 8, 24 and 48h with and without EGb 761. We observed morphological changes in pulse-modulated RF radiated lymphocytes. Longer exposure periods led to destruction of organelle and nucleus structures. Chromatin change and the loss of mitochondrial crista occurred in cells exposed to RF for 8h and 24h and were more pronounced in cells exposed for 48h. Cytoplasmic lysis and destruction of membrane integrity of cells and nuclei were also seen in 48h RF exposed cells. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in SCE frequency in RF exposed lymphocytes compared to sham controls. EGb 761 pre-treatment significantly decreased SCE from RF radiation. RF radiation also inhibited cell viability in a time dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of RF radiation on the growth of lymphoctes were marked in longer exposure periods. EGb 761 pre-treatment significantly increased cell viability in RF+EGb 761 treated groups at 8 and 24h when compared to RF exposed groups alone. The results of our study showed that RF radiation affects cell morphology, increases SCE and inhibits cell proliferation. However, EGb 761 has a protective role against RF induced mutagenity. We concluded that RF radiation induces chromosomal damage in hPBLs but this damage may be reduced by EGb 761 pre-treatment.
本研究采用姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）和电子显微镜技术，研究了 1.8GHz 全球移动通信系统（GSM）调制射频（RF）辐射单独作用以及与银杏叶提取物（EGb 761）预处理联合作用对人外周血淋巴细胞（hPBL）的致突变和形态效应。采用 3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐（MTT）还原试验评估细胞活力。淋巴细胞培养物在有或没有 EGb 761 的情况下分别暴露于 1.8GHz 的 GSM 调制 RF 辐射 6、8、24 和 48 小时。我们观察到脉冲调制 RF 辐射淋巴细胞的形态变化。较长的暴露时间导致细胞器和核结构的破坏。在暴露于 RF 8 小时和 24 小时的细胞中观察到染色质变化和线粒体嵴的丧失，而在暴露于 RF 48 小时的细胞中更为明显。在暴露于 RF 48 小时的细胞中还观察到细胞质溶解和细胞膜完整性以及细胞核的破坏。与假对照相比，RF 暴露的淋巴细胞中的 SCE 频率显著增加（p<0.05）。EGb 761 预处理显著降低了 RF 辐射引起的 SCE。RF 辐射也呈时间依赖性抑制细胞活力。在较长的暴露时间内，RF 辐射对淋巴细胞生长的抑制作用更为明显。与单独暴露于 RF 的细胞相比，EGb 761 预处理在 8 小时和 24 小时时显著增加了 RF+EGb 761 处理组的细胞活力。我们的研究结果表明，RF 辐射会影响细胞形态，增加 SCE，并抑制细胞增殖。然而，EGb 761 对 RF 诱导的致突变性具有保护作用。我们得出结论，RF 辐射会导致 hPBL 中的染色体损伤，但这种损伤可以通过 EGb 761 预处理来减轻。
