Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 11720 Beltsville Drive Suite 900, Calverton, Maryland 20705, USA.
J Safety Res. 2011 Aug;42(4):283-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2011.06.001. Epub 2011 Jul 31.
The high crash rate of youthful novice drivers has been recognized for half a century. Over the last decade, graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems, which extend the period of supervised driving and limit the novice's exposure to higher-risk conditions (such as nighttime driving), have effectively reduced crash involvements of novice drivers.
This study used data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the implementation dates of GDL laws in a state-by-year panel study to evaluate the effectiveness of two key elements of GDL laws: nighttime restrictions and passenger limitations.
Nighttime restrictions were found to reduce 16- and 17-year-old driver involvements in nighttime fatal crashes by an estimated 10% and 16- and 17-year-old drinking drivers in nighttime fatal crashes by 13%. Passenger restrictions were found to reduce 16- and 17-year-old driver involvements in fatal crashes with teen passengers by an estimated 9%.
These results confirm the effectiveness of these provisions in GDL systems. Impact on Public Health. States without the nighttime or passenger restrictions in their GDL law should strongly consider adopting them.
The results of this study indicate that nighttime restrictions and passenger limitations are very important components of any GDL law.
半个世纪以来，青少年新手司机的高事故率一直受到关注。在过去十年中，分级驾驶执照（GDL）制度延长了受监督驾驶的时间，并限制了新手接触高风险条件（如夜间驾驶），有效降低了新手司机的事故发生率。
本研究使用来自伤亡分析报告系统（FARS）的数据和 GDL 法律在州际逐年面板研究中的实施日期，评估 GDL 法律的两个关键要素的有效性：夜间限制和乘客限制。
发现夜间限制使 16 岁和 17 岁司机在夜间致命事故中的参与率降低了约 10%，16 岁和 17 岁的酒后驾驶者在夜间致命事故中的参与率降低了 13%。发现乘客限制使 16 岁和 17 岁的司机在致命事故中与青少年乘客的参与率降低了约 9%。
这些结果证实了 GDL 系统中这些规定的有效性。对公共卫生的影响。没有在 GDL 法律中规定夜间或乘客限制的州应强烈考虑采用这些规定。
本研究的结果表明，夜间限制和乘客限制是任何 GDL 法律的重要组成部分。
