Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2011;291:1-19. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386035-4.00001-X.
Fibrocytes were first described in 1994 as fibroblast-like, peripheral blood cells. These bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells migrate into regions of tissue injury. They are unique in their expression of hematopoietic and monocyte lineage markers and extracellular matrix proteins. Several studies have focused on the specific role of fibrocytes in the process of wound repair and tissue regeneration. We discuss herein the biology and mechanistic action of fibrocytes in wound healing, scar formation, and maintenance of tissue integrity. Fibrocytes synthesize and secrete different cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, providing a wound milieu that supports tissue repair. They further promote angiogenesis and contribute to wound closure via pathways involving specific cytokines, leukocyte-specific protein-1, serum amyloid P, and adenosine A(2A) receptors. Fibrocytes are involved in inflammatory fibrotic processes in such diseases as systemic fibrosis, atherosclerosis, asthma, hypertrophic scarring, and keloid formation. Accumulating literature has emphasized the important role of fibrocytes in wound healing and fibrosis. Detailed mechanisms nevertheless remain to be investigated to elucidate the full therapeutic potential of fibrocytes in the treatment of fibrosing disorders and the enhancement of tissue repair.
成纤维细胞于 1994 年首次被描述为成纤维细胞样的外周血细胞。这些骨髓来源的间充质祖细胞迁移到组织损伤区域。它们在表达造血和单核细胞谱系标志物以及细胞外基质蛋白方面具有独特性。几项研究集中在成纤维细胞在伤口修复和组织再生过程中的特定作用。本文讨论了成纤维细胞在伤口愈合、瘢痕形成和组织完整性维持中的生物学和作用机制。成纤维细胞合成和分泌不同的细胞因子、趋化因子和生长因子，为支持组织修复提供了一个伤口环境。它们进一步通过涉及特定细胞因子、白细胞特异性蛋白-1、血清淀粉样蛋白 P 和腺苷 A（2A）受体的途径促进血管生成，并有助于伤口闭合。成纤维细胞参与系统性纤维化、动脉粥样硬化、哮喘、肥大性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩形成等疾病中的炎症性纤维化过程。越来越多的文献强调了成纤维细胞在伤口愈合和纤维化中的重要作用。然而，详细的机制仍有待研究，以阐明成纤维细胞在治疗纤维化疾病和增强组织修复方面的全部治疗潜力。
