Klein Buendel Inc, Golden, Colorado 80439, USA.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011 Nov;65(5 Suppl 1):S114-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.05.033.
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (from solar and nonsolar sources) is a risk factor for skin cancer.
We sought to summarize recent estimates on sunburns, sun-protection behaviors, and indoor tanning available from national and selected statewide behavioral surveys.
Estimates of the prevalence of sunburn, sun-protection behaviors, and indoor tanning by US adults, adolescents, and children collected in national surveys in 1992, 2004 to 2005, and 2007 to 2009 were identified and extracted from searches of computerized databases (ie, MEDLINE and PsychINFO), reference lists, and survey World Wide Web sites. Sunburn estimates from 3 state Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Systems were also analyzed.
Latest published estimates (2005) showed that 34.4% of US adults were sunburned in the past year. Incidence of sunburns was highest among men, non-Hispanic whites, young adults, and high-income groups in national surveys. About 3 in 10 adults routinely practiced sun-protection behaviors, and women and older adults took the most precautions. Among adolescents, 69% were sunburned in the previous summer and less than 40% practiced sun protection. Approximately 60% of parents applied sunscreen and a quarter used shade to protect children. Indoor tanning was prevalent among younger adults and females.
Limitations include potential recall errors and social desirability in self-report measures, and lack of current data on children.
Many Americans experienced sunburns and a minority engaged in protective behaviors. Females and older adults were most vigilant about sun protection. Substantial proportions of young women and adolescents recently used indoor tanning. Future efforts should promote protective hats, clothing, and shade; motivate males and younger populations to take precautions; and convince women and adolescents to reduce indoor tanning.
紫外线辐射（来自太阳和非太阳源）的暴露是皮肤癌的一个危险因素。
我们旨在总结来自全国和部分州级行为调查的关于晒伤、防晒行为和室内晒黑的最新估计。
从 1992 年、2004 年至 2005 年和 2007 年至 2009 年的全国调查中，确定并提取了美国成年人、青少年和儿童中晒伤、防晒行为和室内晒黑的流行率估计值，这些调查结果来自计算机化数据库（即 MEDLINE 和 PsychINFO）、参考文献列表和调查网站。还分析了来自 3 个州行为风险因素监测系统的晒伤估计值。
最新公布的估计值（2005 年）显示，34.4%的美国成年人在过去一年中晒伤过。在全国调查中，男性、非西班牙裔白人、年轻人和高收入群体的晒伤发生率最高。约有 1/3 的成年人经常采取防晒措施，而女性和老年人采取的预防措施最多。在青少年中，69%的人在去年夏天晒伤过，不到 40%的人采取了防晒措施。大约 60%的父母会涂抹防晒霜，四分之一的人会使用遮阳物来保护孩子。室内晒黑在年轻成年人和女性中很普遍。
限制因素包括回忆错误和自我报告措施中的社会期望偏差，以及缺乏有关儿童的当前数据。
许多美国人经历过晒伤，少数人采取了保护措施。女性和老年人对防晒最警惕。相当多的年轻女性和青少年最近使用了室内晒黑。未来的努力应促进防晒帽、衣物和遮阳物的使用；激励男性和年轻人群采取预防措施；并说服女性和青少年减少室内晒黑。
