Department of Society, Health, and Human Development, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011 Nov;65(5 Suppl 1):S87-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.05.045.
Incidence and mortality rates of melanoma throughout most of the developed world have increased in the past 25 years. We propose that reduction of deaths from melanoma can be best enhanced by strong collaborations between experts in dermatology, primary care, oncology, cancer education and health systems research, epidemiologists, and behavioral scientists, among others. Public and professional educational campaigns should be guided by an understanding of 3 underlying but overlapping roots: epidemiology and preventable mortality (an understanding of who is most likely to be given the diagnosis of thick or late-stage melanoma), biology (an investigation of tumor types that are relatively common but potentially most lethal), and sociology (an analysis of the changes needed in social structures to improve access to those most in need of early detection programs). We review these major concepts, concentrating on the key risk factors for advanced melanoma.
在过去的 25 年里，大多数发达国家的黑色素瘤发病率和死亡率都有所上升。我们认为，皮肤科、初级保健、肿瘤学、癌症教育和卫生系统研究、流行病学家和行为科学家等专家之间的紧密合作，可以最大程度地降低黑色素瘤的死亡率。公共和专业教育活动应该以对以下三个相互重叠的基本但又不同的领域的理解为指导：流行病学和可预防的死亡率（了解最有可能被诊断为厚层或晚期黑色素瘤的人群）、生物学（研究相对常见但潜在致命性最强的肿瘤类型）和社会学（分析需要在社会结构中进行哪些改变，以改善最需要早期检测计划的人群的获得途径）。我们回顾了这些主要概念，重点关注晚期黑色素瘤的关键风险因素。
