Teachers College, Columbia University, United States, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 2011 Oct;35(10):814-30. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.06.001. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
The primary research objective was to explore the relationship between trajectories of maternal verbal aggression (VA) experienced by low-income, community middle school students across a three-year period and outcomes that have been found to be related to VA in previous work, including a negative view of self and social problems.
Longitudinal data were collected from 421 youth (51.8% male) attending two middle schools over 3 years using a multiple-informant survey design. K-means cluster analysis was used to identify trajectories of VA using youth ratings of the Conflict Tactics Scale: Parent-Child (Straus, Hamby, Finkelhor, Moore, & Runyan, 1998). Dependent variables were self-reported depression, self-esteem, delinquency, and peer victimization as well as peer-rated aggression and sensitive-isolated reputation.
Four trajectory groups of VA were identified: Low Stable, Increasing, Decreasing, and High Stable. The 3-year average occurrence of VA was: 1.31, 9.18, 10.24, and 31.14 instances, respectively. Gender-specific MANOVAs revealed dramatic differences between the High Stable and Low Stable groups. High Stable boys reported significantly more depressive symptoms, delinquency, peer overt and relational victimization, and were less likely to have a sensitive/isolated reputation than Low Stable boys. High Stable girls reported significantly more depressive symptoms, low self-esteem, delinquency, peer overt and relational victimization and were rated by peers as having more aggressive/disruptive and relationally aggressive reputations than Low Stable girls. Girls in the High Stable group were more likely than other youth to report levels of depressive symptoms and delinquency >1 SD above the mean, while boys in the High Stable group were more likely to report levels of delinquency >1 SD above the mean. The Increasing and Decreasing groups also demonstrated significantly poorer functioning than the Low Stable group on most outcomes. Growth curve analysis revealed that VA showed a contemporaneous association with self-reported delinquency suggesting these factors are closely related.
Any level of VA greater than the 1-2 instances per year reported by youth in the Low Stable group was associated with less favorable outcomes.
主要研究目的是探讨在三年期间，低收入社区中学生经历的母亲言语攻击（VA）轨迹与之前研究中发现与 VA 相关的结果之间的关系，包括自我负面看法和社会问题。
使用多信息源调查设计，从两年制中学的 421 名青年（51.8%为男性）中收集了纵向数据。使用青年对冲突策略量表：亲子关系（Straus、Hamby、Finkelhor、Moore 和 Runyan，1998 年）的评分，采用 K-均值聚类分析来识别 VA 轨迹。因变量为自我报告的抑郁、自尊、犯罪和同伴受害以及同伴评定的攻击行为和敏感孤立的名誉。
确定了四种 VA 轨迹组：低稳定、增加、减少和高稳定。VA 的 3 年平均发生率分别为：1.31、9.18、10.24 和 31.14 次。性别特异性 MANOVA 揭示了高稳定和低稳定组之间的显著差异。高稳定男孩报告的抑郁症状、犯罪行为、同伴明显和关系性受害以及具有敏感/孤立名誉的可能性显著低于低稳定男孩。高稳定女孩报告的抑郁症状、低自尊、犯罪行为、同伴明显和关系性受害更多，被同伴评定为具有更具攻击性/破坏性和关系攻击性的名誉，而且比低稳定女孩更多。高稳定组的女孩比其他青年更有可能报告抑郁症状和犯罪行为的水平超过平均值 1 个标准差以上，而高稳定组的男孩更有可能报告犯罪行为的水平超过平均值 1 个标准差以上。增加和减少组在大多数结果上也比低稳定组表现出明显较差的功能。增长曲线分析表明，VA 与自我报告的犯罪行为具有同期关联，表明这些因素密切相关。
高于低稳定组青年报告的每年 1-2 次的任何 VA 水平都与较差的结果相关。
