Drug Research and Evaluation Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Forensic Sci Int. 2012 May 10;218(1-3):57-61. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.011. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
For the first time in Europe hair and urine testing have been applied to assess drugs of abuse consumption in couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology and the eventual association of toxic habits with other lifestyle, health status and sociodemographic factors was also investigated. Couples attending five assisted reproduction centers in Rome were invited to join the study. When they presented at the Centre for the visit, they were asked to answer a structured questionnaire concerning sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits, and at the same time to provide hair and urine samples. Hair and urine testing for drugs of abuse, urinary profile of principal endogenous steroids involved in fertility process (testosterone, epitestosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone) and of alcohol and tobacco smoke biomarkers were performed with validated methodologies. Of the 594 enrolled individuals (297 couples), 352 (164 couples and 24 single individuals from the couple) completed the questionnaire and gave both hair and urine samples, apart from 3 bald men, who only gave urine samples. Urine testing showed an overall 4.8% (17 individuals) positivity to drugs of abuse: 4.2% to cannabinoids, 1.4% to cocaine and 0.85% to both drugs. Results of 4cm segment hair samples testing matched those from urine samples. Thus, taking together, results of urine and hair testing confirmed repeated use of cannabis, cocaine and both drugs in 3.7, 0.85 and 0.57% examined individuals, respectively. Drug consumers were in a statistically higher percentage active smokers and alcohol drinkers, less prone to physical activity and with a trend towards higher weight than non consumers. Finally, repeated drug consumption was associated with significant lower concentration of urinary testosterone in males and of urinary dehydroepiandrosterone in females. The findings of the present study confirm the suitability of urine testing to disclose recent drugs of abuse consumption and of hair analysis to verify repeated consumption. Association between different toxic habits and sedentary lifestyle is also substantiated by the obtained results in our cohort of couples attending assisted reproduction centers.
这是首次在欧洲应用毛发和尿液检测来评估接受辅助生殖技术的夫妇滥用药物的情况，并同时调查了有毒习惯与其他生活方式、健康状况和社会人口因素之间的关联。罗马的五家辅助生殖中心邀请夫妇参加了这项研究。当他们到中心就诊时，研究人员会让他们填写一份有关社会人口特征和生活方式习惯的结构化问卷，同时提供毛发和尿液样本。使用经过验证的方法对毛发和尿液进行了药物滥用检测，尿液中与生育过程相关的主要内源性类固醇（睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮、去氢表雄酮和脱氢表雄酮）以及酒精和烟草烟雾生物标志物的检测。在 594 名入组者（297 对夫妇）中，352 人（164 对夫妇和 24 名单身个体）完成了问卷并提供了毛发和尿液样本，另外 3 名光头男子只提供了尿液样本。尿液检测显示滥用药物的总体阳性率为 4.8%（17 人）：大麻素阳性率为 4.2%，可卡因阳性率为 1.4%，两种药物均阳性率为 0.85%。4cm 毛发样本的检测结果与尿液样本的检测结果相符。因此，综合尿液和毛发检测结果，在 3.7%、0.85%和 0.57%的被检查个体中，分别确认了大麻、可卡因和两种药物的重复使用。与非使用者相比，药物使用者吸烟和饮酒的比例更高，体力活动更少，体重指数更高。最后，反复使用药物与男性尿液中睾酮浓度和女性尿液中脱氢表雄酮浓度显著降低有关。本研究的结果证实，尿液检测适用于揭示近期滥用药物的情况，毛发分析则适用于证实重复使用药物的情况。在我们的辅助生殖中心就诊的夫妇队列中，也证实了不同有毒习惯与久坐生活方式之间的关联。
