Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Nat Mater. 2011 Oct 24;10(11):823-37. doi: 10.1038/nmat3134.
In comparing a material's resistance to distort under mechanical load rather than to alter in volume, Poisson's ratio offers the fundamental metric by which to compare the performance of any material when strained elastically. The numerical limits are set by ½ and -1, between which all stable isotropic materials are found. With new experiments, computational methods and routes to materials synthesis, we assess what Poisson's ratio means in the contemporary understanding of the mechanical characteristics of modern materials. Central to these recent advances, we emphasize the significance of relationships outside the elastic limit between Poisson's ratio and densification, connectivity, ductility and the toughness of solids; and their association with the dynamic properties of the liquids from which they were condensed and into which they melt.
在比较材料在机械载荷下的抗变形能力与体积变化能力时，泊松比提供了一个基本的度量标准，可用于比较任何弹性应变材料的性能。数值范围在 0.5 和-1 之间，所有稳定的各向同性材料都在这个范围内。通过新的实验、计算方法和材料合成途径，我们评估了泊松比在现代材料力学特性的当代理解中的意义。在这些最新进展中，我们强调了泊松比与固体的致密化、连通性、延展性和韧性之间的关系，以及它们与凝聚态液体和熔融态液体的动态特性之间的关系的重要性。
