Piparva K G, Parmar D M, Singh A P, Gajera M V, Trivedi H R
Department of Pharmacology, P.D.U. Medical College, Rajkot, India.
Indian J Psychol Med. 2011 Jan;33(1):54-8. doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.85396.
Psychotropic drugs have had a remarkable impact in psychiatric practice. However, their utilization in actual clinical practice, effectiveness and safety in real life situation need continuous study.
A prospective cross sectional study was carried out for 6 months. Patients of all ages and both sexes were included in the study while in-patients, referred patients and patients of epilepsy were excluded. Using World Health Organization basic drug indicators, the prescribing pattern was analyzed.
The numbers of psychotropic drugs prescribed per patient were 2.96. Anti-anxiety drugs (82.83%) were most frequently prescribed psychotropic drugs in various psychiatric disorders. Usage of antipsychotic drugs was in 70.15% cases. Atypical antipsychotic drugs (43.83%) were prescribed more frequently than the typical antipsychotic drugs (26.32%). Prescribing frequency of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (36.66%) was more than the tricyclic antidepressant (21.96%) and atypical antidepressant drugs (1.83%) in major depression. Use of mood stabilizers was restricted only to bipolar mood disorders. Central anticholinergic drug was co-prescribed in as many as 88.15% patients receiving antipsychotic drugs.
Anti-anxiety drug (Benzodiazepine (BZD)) usage was extensive in various psychiatry disorders. Rational use of BZD requires consideration/attention to dose and duration of usage as well as drug interactions with other psychotropic drugs. Routine use of central anticholinergic drug along with atypical antipsychotic drugs also, could not be justified.
精神药物在精神病学实践中产生了显著影响。然而，它们在实际临床实践中的使用情况、在现实生活中的有效性和安全性仍需持续研究。
进行了为期6个月的前瞻性横断面研究。纳入了所有年龄和性别的患者，但排除了住院患者、转诊患者和癫痫患者。使用世界卫生组织的基本药物指标分析了处方模式。
每位患者开具的精神药物数量为2.96种。抗焦虑药物（82.83%）是各类精神疾病中最常开具的精神药物。抗精神病药物的使用率为70.15%。非典型抗精神病药物（43.83%）的处方频率高于典型抗精神病药物（26.32%）。在重度抑郁症中，选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂的处方频率（36.66%）高于三环类抗抑郁药（21.96%）和非典型抗抑郁药（1.83%）。心境稳定剂仅用于双相情感障碍。在接受抗精神病药物治疗的患者中，多达88.15%的患者同时开具了中枢抗胆碱能药物。
抗焦虑药物（苯二氮䓬类）在各类精神疾病中使用广泛。合理使用苯二氮䓬类药物需要考虑/关注剂量、使用持续时间以及与其他精神药物的药物相互作用。常规将中枢抗胆碱能药物与非典型抗精神病药物联用也不合理。
