Patel Sangeeta D, Kinariwala Dipa M, Javadekar Tanuja B
Department of Microbiology, B. J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.
Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS. 2011 Jul;32(2):90-3. doi: 10.4103/0253-7184.85411.
The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of respiratory, gastrointestinal and other pathogens in 100 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seropositive patients.
This study was carried out on randomly selected 100 HIV seropositive patients from S. S. G. Hospital during the period from Jan 2006 to Jan 2007.
Sputum samples, stool samples and oral swabs were collected from all the patients and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from symptomatic patients and processed as per the standard protocol. Sputum samples were examined by microscopy and cultured for bacterial respiratory pathogens. Stool samples were concentrated and examined by microscopy for enteric parasites. Oral swabs and CSF were also examined microscopically and cultured for fungal pathogens. CSF was also examined for bacterial pathogens.
A total of 101 pathogens were detected in 60 patients. More than one pathogen was observed in 30 patients. Candida was the commonest isolate (32.67%), followed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (22.71%) and Cryptosporidium parvum (19.8%).
Since opportunistic infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in HIV seropositive patients, an early diagnosis and effective treatment are required to tackle them. The type of pathogens infecting HIV patients varies from region to region, and therefore such patients should be constantly screened for these pathogens.
本研究旨在确定100例人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）血清阳性患者中呼吸道、胃肠道及其他病原体的感染率。
本研究于2006年1月至2007年1月期间，在S.S.G.医院随机选取100例HIV血清阳性患者进行。
收集所有患者的痰液样本、粪便样本和口腔拭子，对有症状的患者收集脑脊液（CSF），并按照标准方案进行处理。痰液样本通过显微镜检查并培养以检测细菌性呼吸道病原体。粪便样本进行浓缩并通过显微镜检查肠道寄生虫。口腔拭子和脑脊液也进行显微镜检查并培养以检测真菌病原体。脑脊液还检测细菌病原体。
60例患者共检测到101种病原体。30例患者观察到不止一种病原体。念珠菌是最常见的分离株（32.67%），其次是结核分枝杆菌（22.71%）和微小隐孢子虫（19.8%）。
由于机会性感染是HIV血清阳性患者死亡和发病的主要原因，因此需要早期诊断和有效治疗来应对。感染HIV患者的病原体类型因地区而异，因此应对此类患者持续筛查这些病原体。
