Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS Pathog. 2011 Oct;7(10):e1002270. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002270. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) influence both innate and adaptive immunity. But while the role of KIRs in NK-mediated innate immunity is well-documented, the impact of KIRs on the T cell response in human disease is not known. Here we test the hypothesis that an individual's KIR genotype affects the efficiency of their HLA class I-mediated antiviral immune response and the outcome of viral infection. We show that, in two unrelated viral infections, hepatitis C virus and human T lymphotropic virus type 1, possession of the KIR2DL2 gene enhanced both protective and detrimental HLA class I-restricted anti-viral immunity. These results reveal a novel role for inhibitory KIRs. We conclude that inhibitory KIRs, in synergy with T cells, are a major determinant of the outcome of persistent viral infection.
杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体 (KIRs) 影响先天免疫和适应性免疫。但是，尽管 KIRs 在 NK 介导的先天免疫中的作用已得到充分证实，但 KIRs 对人类疾病中 T 细胞反应的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们检验了这样一个假设，即个体的 KIR 基因型会影响其 HLA Ⅰ类介导的抗病毒免疫反应的效率以及病毒感染的结果。我们表明，在两种不相关的病毒感染中，丙型肝炎病毒和人类 T 淋巴细胞病毒 1 型，KIR2DL2 基因的存在增强了保护性和有害的 HLA Ⅰ类限制的抗病毒免疫。这些结果揭示了抑制性 KIRs 的新作用。我们得出结论，抑制性 KIRs 与 T 细胞协同作用，是持续病毒感染结果的主要决定因素。
