Centro de Investigação e de Intervenção Social, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal.
Scand J Psychol. 2012 Feb;53(1):9-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00924.x. Epub 2011 Oct 25.
Attachment-related strategies are thought to be critical for regulation and processing of emotional information. This study examined biases in selective attention to emotional stimuli as a function of insecure attachment. Participants searched for a single target image preceded by to-be-ignored distracters depicting emotional images varying in valence and arousal. Results revealed that, in general, negative distracters affected accuracy levels, and that the anxious attached participants showed a clear interference of the emotional distracters. In contrast, the avoidant group evinced a higher control on such interference. In addition, arousal ratings to distracter images indicated superior emotional activation only for anxious attached participants. Consistent with the evolutionary-based attachment theory threat-related stimuli prompted priority attentional responses. Present findings are in line with evidence showing the deployment of distinct strategies in insecurely attached individuals for the regulation of attention to emotional information.
依附相关的策略被认为对情绪信息的调节和处理至关重要。本研究考察了不安全依恋对情绪刺激选择性注意的偏差。参与者在搜索单个目标图像时，需要忽略呈现的情绪图像作为干扰物，这些情绪图像的效价和唤醒度各不相同。结果表明，一般来说，负面干扰物会影响准确性水平，而焦虑型依恋的参与者则明显受到情绪干扰物的干扰。相比之下，回避型依恋组表现出对这种干扰的更高控制。此外，对干扰物图像的唤醒度评价表明，只有焦虑型依恋的参与者表现出更好的情绪激活。与基于进化的依恋理论相一致，与威胁相关的刺激引发了优先的注意力反应。目前的研究结果与证据一致，表明在不安全依恋的个体中，为了调节对情绪信息的注意力，他们会使用不同的策略。
