Reyes-Castro L A, Rodriguez J S, Charco R, Bautista C J, Larrea F, Nathanielsz P W, Zambrano E
Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14000, Mexico.
Int J Dev Neurosci. 2012 Feb;30(1):39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.10.002. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
Maternal protein deficiencies can developmentally program offspring to lifelong dysfunction of many physiological systems. We hypothesized that maternal isocaloric low protein diet during fetal and early postnatal development would negatively affect female offspring anxiety, exploration, associative learning and motivation as measured by the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), operant conditioning and the progressive ratio task, respectively. Control mothers (C) received a 20% casein diet and restricted mothers (R) a 10% casein diet to provide four groups: CC, RR, CR, and RC (first letter pregnancy diet and second lactation diet) to enable evaluation of offspring effects influenced by maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal protein restriction decreased open arm time and distance in RR and RC offspring, increased anxiety behavior, in the EPM. In the OFT, the RR and RC offspring displayed decreased exploration (increased stress) as indexed by decreased distance in the center zone. These behaviors in the EPM and OFT was associated with increased corticosterone levels during an immobilization test in the RR offspring with intermediary effects in the RC offspring. Learning impairment was observed in the RR, CR and RC offspring during fixed ratio 5 schedule of reinforcement. Motivational effects were measured in RR offspring responding less, decreased motivation, and CR offspring making more responses, increased motivation, than CC offspring. These findings reveal the negative effects of developmental protein restriction on female offspring behavior. The underlying basis for these negative outcomes remains to be elucidated.
母体蛋白质缺乏会在发育过程中使后代的许多生理系统出现终身功能障碍。我们假设，在胎儿期和出生后早期发育阶段，母体摄入等热量的低蛋白饮食会分别通过高架十字迷宫（EPM）、旷场试验（OFT）、操作性条件反射和渐进比率任务来负面影响雌性后代的焦虑、探索、联想学习和动机。对照母亲（C）接受20%酪蛋白饮食，限制饮食的母亲（R）接受10%酪蛋白饮食，从而形成四组：CC、RR、CR和RC（第一个字母代表孕期饮食，第二个字母代表哺乳期饮食），以便评估孕期和哺乳期母体饮食对后代的影响。母体蛋白质限制使RR和RC后代在EPM中的开臂时间和距离减少，焦虑行为增加。在OFT中，RR和RC后代的探索减少（应激增加），表现为中心区域的距离缩短。RR后代在固定比率5强化程序期间的EPM和OFT中的这些行为与皮质酮水平升高有关，RC后代有中间效应。在RR、CR和RC后代中观察到固定比率5强化程序期间的学习障碍。与CC后代相比，RR后代反应较少，动机降低，而CR后代反应较多，动机增加，以此来衡量动机效应。这些发现揭示了发育性蛋白质限制对雌性后代行为的负面影响。这些负面结果的潜在基础仍有待阐明。
