Reyes-Castro L A, Rodríguez-González G L, Chavira R, Ibáñez C, Lomas-Soria C, Rodriguez J S, Nathanielsz P W, Zambrano E
Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Physiol Behav. 2015 Mar 1;140:89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.017. Epub 2014 Dec 10.
Maternal low protein (MLP) diets in pregnancy and lactation impair offspring brain development and modify offspring behavior. We hypothesized multigenerational passage of altered behavioral outcomes as has been demonstrated following other developmental programming challenges. We investigated potential multigenerational effects of MLP in rat pregnancy and/or lactation on offspring risk assessment behavior. Founder generation mothers (F0) ate 20% casein (C) or restricted (R) 10% casein diet, providing four groups: CC, RR, CR, and RC (first letter pregnancy, second letter lactation diet) to evaluate offspring (F1) effects influenced by MLP in F0. On postnatal day (PND 250), F1 males were mated to non-colony siblings producing F2. On PND 90, F2 females (in diestrous) and F2 males were tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field. Corticosterone was measured at PND 110. Female but not male CR and RC F2 made more entries and spent more time in EPM open arms than CC females. Overall activity was unchanged as observed in male F1 fathers. There were no open field differences in F2 of either sex, indicating that multigenerational MLP effects are due to altered risk assessment, not locomotion. MLP in pregnancy reduced F1 male and F2 female corticosterone. We conclude that MLP in pregnancy and/or lactation increases the innate tendency to explore novel environments in F2 females via the paternal linage, suggesting lower levels of caution and/or higher impulsiveness to explore unknown spaces. Further studies will be necessary to identify the epigenetic modifications in the germ line through the paternal linage.
孕期和哺乳期的母体低蛋白（MLP）饮食会损害后代的大脑发育并改变后代行为。我们假设，如同在其他发育编程挑战后所证明的那样，行为结果的改变会多代传递。我们研究了大鼠孕期和/或哺乳期的MLP对后代风险评估行为的潜在多代影响。亲代（F0）母鼠食用20%酪蛋白（C）或限制摄入10%酪蛋白饮食（R），分为四组：CC、RR、CR和RC（第一个字母代表孕期饮食，第二个字母代表哺乳期饮食），以评估F0中MLP对后代（F1）的影响。在出生后第250天（PND 250），F1雄性与非群体内的同胞交配产生F2。在PND 90，对处于动情间期的F2雌性和F2雄性在高架十字迷宫（EPM）和旷场中进行测试。在PND 110测量皮质酮水平。雌性而非雄性的CR和RC F2在EPM开放臂中的进入次数更多，停留时间更长，而CC雌性则不然。总体活动与F1雄性父亲的情况一样没有变化。在F2的两性中，旷场测试没有差异，这表明多代MLP效应是由于风险评估改变，而非运动能力改变。孕期的MLP降低了F1雄性和F2雌性的皮质酮水平。我们得出结论，孕期和/或哺乳期的MLP通过父系遗传增加了F2雌性探索新环境的先天倾向，这表明在探索未知空间时谨慎程度较低和/或冲动性较高。有必要进一步研究以确定通过父系遗传在生殖系中的表观遗传修饰。
