Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Joint BioEnergy Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2012 Jun;23(3):390-5. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.002. Epub 2011 Oct 25.
While engineering of new biofuels pathways into microbial hosts has received considerable attention, innovations in bioprocessing are required for commercialization of both conventional and next-generation fuels. For ethanol and butanol, reducing energy costs for product recovery remains a challenge. Fuels produced from heterologous aerobic pathways in yeast and bacteria require control of aeration and cooling at large scales. Converting lignocellulosic biomass to sugars for fuels production requires effective biomass pretreatment to increase surface area, decrystallize cellulose and facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis. Effective means to recover microalgae and extract their intracellular lipids remains a practical and economic bottleneck in algal biodiesel production.
虽然将新的生物燃料途径工程化引入微生物宿主已经引起了相当的关注，但对于传统和下一代燃料的商业化，生物加工的创新是必要的。对于乙醇和丁醇，降低产品回收的能源成本仍然是一个挑战。在酵母和细菌中通过异源需氧途径生产的燃料需要在大规模生产中控制通风和冷却。将木质纤维素生物质转化为生产燃料用的糖需要有效的生物质预处理来增加表面积、使纤维素去结晶并促进酶解。有效地回收微藻并提取其细胞内脂质仍然是藻类生物柴油生产中的一个实际和经济瓶颈。
