Abad Vivien C, Guilleminault Christian
Stanford University Sleep Disorders Clinic and Research Center, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2003 Dec;5(4):371-88. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2003.5.4/vabad.
Sleep disorders encompass a wide spectrum of diseases with significant individual health consequences and high economic costs to society. To facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders, this review provides a framework using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Primary and secondary insomnia are differentiated, and pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments are discussed. Common circadian rhythm disorders are described in conjunction with interventions, including chronotherapy and light therapy. The diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder is addressed. Attention is focused on obstructive sleep apnea and upper airway resistance syndrome, and their treatment. The constellation of symptoms and findings in narcolepsy are reviewed together with diagnostic testing and therapy, Parasomnias, including sleep terrors, somnambulism, and rapid eye movement (REM) behavior sleep disorders are described, together with associated laboratory testing results and treatment.
睡眠障碍涵盖了广泛的疾病，对个人健康有重大影响，并给社会带来高昂的经济成本。为了促进睡眠障碍的诊断和治疗，本综述提供了一个基于《国际睡眠障碍分类》的框架，区分了原发性和继发性失眠，并讨论了药物和非药物治疗方法。结合包括时间疗法和光疗法在内的干预措施，描述了常见的昼夜节律障碍。探讨了不宁腿综合征/周期性肢体运动障碍的诊断和治疗。重点关注阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和上气道阻力综合征及其治疗。回顾了发作性睡病的症状和体征组合以及诊断测试和治疗方法。描述了包括夜惊、梦游和快速眼动（REM）行为睡眠障碍在内的异态睡眠，以及相关的实验室检测结果和治疗方法。
